Analysis Of Lyotard s Defining The Postmodern

Lyotard, from â€Å"Defining the Postmodern† 1. The term postmodern is problematic. a. This idea needs to be debated. b. A debate would alleviate confusions and more ambiguity about this period of time to be alleviated. 2. The Modern Movement (1910-1945) exists in between the postmodernism and modernism movement in architectural theory. a. There is no longer a link between this period and socio-historical progress, however. 1. Postmodern architecture has changed small spaces and considered how people occupy the space. 2. Making a small space appear larger changes the landscape of the space. b. Not much space is left to be built upon, and this movement strives to utilize that space. c. The world is not expanding horizontally any more in a postmodern era. 1. Ideas and freedoms are limited. 2. The environment has changed. d. A dichotomy exists between the postmodern and modern movements. 3. In the postmodern movement, individuals strive to take a new direct, differe nt from the past. a. The modern movement broke the rules of the past. b. â€Å"Today, we can presume that this â€Å"breaking† is, rather, a manner of forgetting or repressing the past. That’s to say of repeating it. Not overcoming it† (1466). 4. The connotative meaning of the word postmodern is often misunderstood. a. Progress is possible is a phrase often associated with postmodern works of art, technology, learning, and freedom. b. Discoveries and advancingShow MoreRelatedModern F. Robert Frost1547 Words   |  7 Pagesbelief that only one central meaning can be gathered from any one reading; that these singular interpretations support, give credence and justify hegemonic forces or grand narratives in society. Defining the term â€Å"modern† in his work The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Jean-Francois Lyotard â€Å"designate[s]† this name and movement to â€Å"any science †¦ legitimat[ing] itself †¦ [by] making an explicit appeal to some grand narrative† (xxiii). It is thus to the disgust of postmodernists to find RobertRead MoreEssay about Postmodernism, Deconstructionism, and the Ethnographic Text5376 Words   |  22 Pages Postmodernism, Deconstructionism, and the Ethnographic Text Anthropology 575 Postmodernism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the late 1960’s the social sciences (mainly anthropology and sociology) entered a crisis period in which traditional ways of conducting the study of the Other were re-examined in the context of their association with dominance-submission hierarchies and the objectification of the subjects of study. There was seen to be an association between WesternRead MoreEducation Is An Important Aspect Of Teaching And Teaching3187 Words   |  13 Pageswithin education has a detrimental effect on the levels of creativity that students and teachers can demonstrate, and in turn negatively effects the results of the educational process. On the other hand there are those that believe that performative analysis within education plays an important role in highlighting areas of success, and areas that require improvement. Ofsted (the Office for Standards in Education) agree that creativity is an important aspect of teaching and learning, however they alsoRead MoreOrga nisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the

The Long Term Consequences Of Adolescent Pregnancy

Parenting at any age can be challenging but particularly difficult for adolescent parents. Aside from being difficult for adolescent parents there are a lot of negatives effects with bearing a child at a young age. The long-term consequences of adolescent childbearing for parents and their children compared to a standard age of childbearing are extensive. The negatives outcomes to adolescent childbearing are often poor for the parent and the child. Adolescent females often have diets low in calcium and iron. An increased requirement during pregnancy further increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia that has been reported with a prevalence of between 11% and 16% (2). Breastfeeding may also further deplete iron stores in those already at risk for iron deficiency anemia. With this effect on adolescent mothers they would have to go through iron therapy that is suboptimal. Also there may be some â€Å"completion† for nutrients between the fetus and the adolescent during pregnancy. Adolescent mothers are more likely to have other medical complications associated with adolescent pregnancy include poor maternal weight gain, anemia, and pregnancy-induced hypertension which is high blood pressure than women in their 20s or 30s. Aside from there are other problems such as preeclampsia, which is a dangerous medical condition that combines high blood pressure with excess protein in the urine that causes swelling to the hands, face, and organ damages. Naturally during a full termShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy1426 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Teen pregnancy is often unplanned and challenging for the future life of mother and child. The increase risk of health problems for both mother and baby occur during teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy impacts adolescent development in all aspects: physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development. Negative consequences result from teen pregnancy include: low income, increased school dropout rates, lower educational levels, and increased rates of substance abuse (Garwood, Gerassi, ReidRead MoreAdolescent Parenthood : An Issue Of Public Concern For Many Years1267 Words   |  6 Pages Adolescent parenthood has been an issue of public concern for many years. Adolescent parenthood has been the subject of numerous articles, public health reports, and public debate. So what makes adolescent parenthood such a popular topic of discussion and a reoccurring social problem? How does an adolescent parent relate to such public issues as education, poverty, and family? Researchers conduct litera ture reviews and original research in an effort to find a resolution to decrease adolescent pregnancy/parenthoodRead MoreAdolescent Parenthood : An Issue Of Public Concern For Many Years1267 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent parenthood has been an issue of public concern for many years. Adolescent parenthood has been the subject of numerous articles, public health reports, and public debate. So what makes adolescent parenthood such a popular topic of discussion and a reoccurring social problem? How does an adolescent parent relate to such public issues as education, poverty, and family? Researchers conduct literature reviews and original research in an effort to find a resolution to decrease adolescent pregnancy/parenthoodRead MoreThe Debate Of Emotional Sex1385 Words   |  6 PagesAs the United States becomes increasingly progressive, the age in which adolescents perform sexual activity is becoming younger. Education in the United States encourages abstinence to students in middl e school and high school, but the resistance against adolescent sexual intercourse is futile because adolescents are historically rebellious at nature. Abstinence courses do not trigger any emotional response in adolescents nor do they personalize the situation for students, making them essentiallyRead MoreSex Education Is Not Just About Sex1620 Words   |  7 Pagesmany parents live in denial that their children are not having sex, this leads to children not being educated on safe sex. Sex education in public schools has been an ongoing debate on whether it prevents abstinence and educates students on teen pregnancy, as well as the transmission of STD s; furthermore, I will form an opinion through extensive research. Sex Education began in the 1800’s when public campaigns promoted and emphasized risk-reduction practices and health care prevention strategiesRead MoreEssay on Implications of Teenage Pregnancy in the United States1457 Words   |  6 Pagesteenage pregnancy has generally been in decline since 1991, the causes and effects of underage childbearing has continued to be a big burden on families, the public and government. Babies having babies is the simplistic way that some people have described the specter of having a baby while teenager are unprepared. The United State case study which is the subject of this paper is unique, even though reflecting the same generic features with teenagers elsewhere in the world. Teenage pregnancy is a socio-economicRead MoreEssay about The Underlying Causes of Teen Pregnancy1363 Words   |  6 Pages Before successfully preventing teen pregnancies among teenage girls, there are many underlying causes and facts about the dilemma that must be fi rst exposed. Children from homes run by teenage mothers have to face almost insurmountable obstacles in life. The incidents of depression and mental health problems, the lack of father figures, and the high rate of poverty often connected to children in homes run by teenage mothers put them at serious disadvantages when compared to children raised in nuclearRead MoreSex Education, Why Should We Care?1310 Words   |  6 Pagesallowing the prevention of unwanted pregnancies or sexually transmitted infections and having a great impact on the health of society. Debates about including sexual health education have taken place among society. Many people mistakenly relate sex instructions with motivating teenagers to have sexual intercourse. On the contrary, sexuality is not only based on the sexual behavior, but on a complete array of other topics, such as abstinence, human reproduction, pregnancies, sexually transmitted infectionsRead MoreThe Adolescent Family Life Program Teaches Teenagers About Abstinence1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe Adolescent Family Life program teaches teenagers about abstinence. The AFL differs from other primary prevention programs, but also has complications to its solution for teaching teenagers about its abstinence-only program. This paper is to display the effective approach of the AFL in how it contrasts from other programs, but also, how it can be revised. In the end, the program needs adjustment, from its abstinence-only education, in order for it to effectively teach adolescences the consequencesRead MoreIss ues on Teenage Pregnancy Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesamong people in today’s society. But as popular as this phrase maybe, it does not even begin to scratch the surface that lies beneath the complex issues of teenage pregnancy. There are many adverse concerns that encompass teen pregnancy, to which society has even developed its own views upon. Concerns that develop from adolescent pregnancy can have negative impacts for teenage parents, children, and even society. According to Furstenberg, â€Å"In 1995, in his State of the Union address, President Bill Clinton

Themes presented in Act 1-Measure for Measure Free Essays

A theme becoming noticeably present throughout Act 1 is that of religion, possibly part of the larger them of morality. The Duke, Scene 1 line 70, speaks of being greeted by ‘aves vehement’. The word ‘Ave’ in Latin means ‘Hail’ and is often associated with prayer, particularly to the Virgin Mary (a figure prominent in Catholicism). We will write a custom essay sample on Themes presented in Act 1-Measure for Measure or any similar topic only for you Order Now This suggests that the public in Vienna see the Duke as a saviour and a figure to be worshipped. At the time of its original performance this would have conveyed to the audience the prominence and power of the Duke in Vienna. However, the Duke says this greeting is good he does not ‘relish’ it, showing the audience possibly that the Duke is not arrogant and does not wish to be a replacement for someone’s faith; it perhaps allows the audience to hold a respect for the Duke from the beginning of the play. In scene 2, the references to religion continue with Lucio speaking of ‘the sanctimonious pirate that went out to sea with the ten commandments, but scraped one off the table’. This suggests a corruption of religion and its associated beliefs, which may foreshadow other themes coming later in the play-those of right and wrong, particularly when interpreting laws on prostitution and the confusion about marriage (should it be based on good faith or a legal ceremony). The pirate reference, particularly to the original audience, may have suggested that personal interpretations and sinister dealings were going to occur in the performance. Both the reference to the pirate and ‘aves’ could show how Shakespeare is presenting a ‘problem play’. They raise the question of how religion should be carried out and how it can creep too far into everyday behaviour, until people begin to make powerful/adored figures idols and interpret religious teachings to suit their own behaviour. Scene 3, in the monastery, has two intertwining themes running through it-those of power and religion. The audience is presented with two powerful figures in their own right, one powerful due to his allegiance to God and perhaps less powerful in the workings of society and the other powerful due to his position in society and perceived almost as a ‘God’ by his people. A silent power struggle appears to be occurring in the scene, not power for power’s sake, but in order to earn the respect of the other. Throughout, the Duke appears to be justifying his argument in order to make it sound less corrupted and more favourable in the eyes of the friar. This comes across in his greetings of ‘Holy father’ and ‘holy sir’ and flattery ‘none knows better than you’. The friar speaks politely to the Duke ‘Gladly, my lord’. There is some sense of balance or equality in this scene, as ordinarily the Duke would be seen to be more powerful, due to his reign on the justice system however, he knows that the only person who can help him is the friar and the friar has the weapon of being aware of why the Duke has disappeared. Justice and morality are two another themes running throughout Act 1. The main plot line of Claudio being sentenced is at the centre of these themes. At the time of the first performance, brothels were widely apparent and many powerful figures were known for making use of their services. This is made clear to the audience, with the scene set in a brothel and the comic references to sexual diseases and the portrayal of the brothel as an industry. This should show the audience that it was widely accepted that these places were a part of society, making Claudio’s actions seem less severe. He talks of Julietta being ‘fast my wife’, apart from the legal proceedings so the fact he is being punished for this action and others are getting away with prostitution seems even more immoral, it raises the question of whether Claudio’s actions are worse than the other male characters despite him being faithful to one woman. This is open to interpretation by the actors, ho wever, they may choose to play Claudio’s speech with comedy, to make it sound like a feeble excuse for his actions rather than a legitimate plea for justice, which could make it seem as though justice is being done. Again a sense of corruption is presented, this time in politics. The Duke, who has fled unexpectedly, has let the law be ignored for a number of years yet Claudio is being punished under it. This suggests the laws can be manipulated to suit the leader. This is similar to the corruption of religion mentioned earlier when the pirate changed the ten commandments to suit his lifestyle and ideals at the time. How to cite Themes presented in Act 1-Measure for Measure, Papers

Piaget Essay Example For Students

Piaget Essay Piagets Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentJean Piaget was born on August9, 1896, in the French speaking part of Switzerland. Atan early age he developed an interest in biology, and by the time he had graduated from highschool he had already published a number of papers. After marrying in 1923, he had threechildren, whom he studied from infancy. Piaget is best known for organizing cognitivedevelopment into a series of stages- the levels of development corresponding too infancy,childhood, and adolescence. These four stages are labeled the Sensorimotor stage, which occursfrom birth to age two, (children experience through their senses), the Preoporational stage, whichoccurs from ages two to six, (motor skills are acquired), the Concrete Operational stage, whichoccurs from ages six to eleven, (children think logically about concrete events), and the FormalOperational stage, which occurs after age eleven, (abstract reasoning is developed here). (www.psychcentral.com). (Bee and Boyd 149). The focus of this paper will be on thePreoporational stage and how the childs cognitive abilities develop according to Piaget. The Preoperational stage is Piagets term for the second major stage of cognitivedevelopment. It is in this stage that Piaget states that children acuire symbolic schemes, such aslanguage and fantasy, that they use in thinking and communicating. Piaget saw evidence ofsymbol use in many aspects of children aged two to six. As a Pre-School teacher myself, I havewitnessed many of the same behaviors that Piaget himself observed while developing his theoryof cognitive development. Children this age begin to pretend in their play. The dramatic playarea in my classroom is always one of the most busy areas of the room. The children love torole-play and create imaginary games. According to Piaget, such symbol use is also evident inthe emergence of language and in the preschoolers primitive ability to understand scale modelsor simple maps. Dramatic play gives the children the chance to role-play. If they work throughsituations in their classroom, theyll be better prepared for real-life scenario s. Throughrole-playing, children not only express emotions, but also exercise creativity and develop skillslike cooperation and problem solving. During the Preoperational stage, do begin to think symbolically and use language, but thechilds thinking is still very intuitive, and makes little use of reasoning and logic. I remember asa child thinking that the sun and moon followed me as I took a walk. In addition, the childs useof language is not as sophisticated as it might seem. Children have a tendency to confuse wordswith the objects they represent. If a child calls a toy block a car and I use it to make ahouse, the child may become upset. To children, the name of an object is as much a part ofthe object as its size, shape, and color. To the Preoperational child, insulting words may reallyhurt. (Coon 107). Consider my preschooler calling each other baby. To the adult it is aninnocent word, but to the preschooler it is the worst thing they can think of. Piagets description of the Preoperational stage also focused on all the other things thepreschool-aged child still cannot do. According to Piaget, egocentrism is a cognitive state inwhich the child sees the world only from his own perspective, without awareness that there areother perspectives. (Bee and Boyd 155). The child is not being selfish; rather, she simplyassumes that everyone sees the world as she does. I see many examples of ego egocentrism on adaily basis in the preschool environment and at home. For example, my daughter, Meryl, who isalmost five years old, gets a phone call from her aunt. She begins asking Meryl questions. Instead of saying yes or no, Meryl simply nods her head. What Meryl fails to appreciate isthat her aunt is unable to see her nodding. Meryl can only take her own perspective- I amnodding my head yes, why do you keep asking me this question?As a young child it is difficult to understand that some one on the opposite end of thetelephone cannot see you. Yo ung children seem to abide by the old saying, Out of sight, out ofmind. In Piagets view, for a child to be able to shift from using herself as the only frame ofreference to seeing things from another perspective, the child must decenter, which may notoccur until the child is about six