Analysis Of Lyotard s Defining The Postmodern

Lyotard, from â€Å"Defining the Postmodern† 1. The term postmodern is problematic. a. This idea needs to be debated. b. A debate would alleviate confusions and more ambiguity about this period of time to be alleviated. 2. The Modern Movement (1910-1945) exists in between the postmodernism and modernism movement in architectural theory. a. There is no longer a link between this period and socio-historical progress, however. 1. Postmodern architecture has changed small spaces and considered how people occupy the space. 2. Making a small space appear larger changes the landscape of the space. b. Not much space is left to be built upon, and this movement strives to utilize that space. c. The world is not expanding horizontally any more in a postmodern era. 1. Ideas and freedoms are limited. 2. The environment has changed. d. A dichotomy exists between the postmodern and modern movements. 3. In the postmodern movement, individuals strive to take a new direct, differe nt from the past. a. The modern movement broke the rules of the past. b. â€Å"Today, we can presume that this â€Å"breaking† is, rather, a manner of forgetting or repressing the past. That’s to say of repeating it. Not overcoming it† (1466). 4. The connotative meaning of the word postmodern is often misunderstood. a. Progress is possible is a phrase often associated with postmodern works of art, technology, learning, and freedom. b. Discoveries and advancingShow MoreRelatedModern F. Robert Frost1547 Words   |  7 Pagesbelief that only one central meaning can be gathered from any one reading; that these singular interpretations support, give credence and justify hegemonic forces or grand narratives in society. Defining the term â€Å"modern† in his work The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Jean-Francois Lyotard â€Å"designate[s]† this name and movement to â€Å"any science †¦ legitimat[ing] itself †¦ [by] making an explicit appeal to some grand narrative† (xxiii). It is thus to the disgust of postmodernists to find RobertRead MoreEssay about Postmodernism, Deconstructionism, and the Ethnographic Text5376 Words   |  22 Pages Postmodernism, Deconstructionism, and the Ethnographic Text Anthropology 575 Postmodernism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the late 1960’s the social sciences (mainly anthropology and sociology) entered a crisis period in which traditional ways of conducting the study of the Other were re-examined in the context of their association with dominance-submission hierarchies and the objectification of the subjects of study. There was seen to be an association between WesternRead MoreEducation Is An Important Aspect Of Teaching And Teaching3187 Words   |  13 Pageswithin education has a detrimental effect on the levels of creativity that students and teachers can demonstrate, and in turn negatively effects the results of the educational process. On the other hand there are those that believe that performative analysis within education plays an important role in highlighting areas of success, and areas that require improvement. Ofsted (the Office for Standards in Education) agree that creativity is an important aspect of teaching and learning, however they alsoRead MoreOrga nisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the

The Long Term Consequences Of Adolescent Pregnancy

Parenting at any age can be challenging but particularly difficult for adolescent parents. Aside from being difficult for adolescent parents there are a lot of negatives effects with bearing a child at a young age. The long-term consequences of adolescent childbearing for parents and their children compared to a standard age of childbearing are extensive. The negatives outcomes to adolescent childbearing are often poor for the parent and the child. Adolescent females often have diets low in calcium and iron. An increased requirement during pregnancy further increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia that has been reported with a prevalence of between 11% and 16% (2). Breastfeeding may also further deplete iron stores in those already at risk for iron deficiency anemia. With this effect on adolescent mothers they would have to go through iron therapy that is suboptimal. Also there may be some â€Å"completion† for nutrients between the fetus and the adolescent during pregnancy. Adolescent mothers are more likely to have other medical complications associated with adolescent pregnancy include poor maternal weight gain, anemia, and pregnancy-induced hypertension which is high blood pressure than women in their 20s or 30s. Aside from there are other problems such as preeclampsia, which is a dangerous medical condition that combines high blood pressure with excess protein in the urine that causes swelling to the hands, face, and organ damages. Naturally during a full termShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy1426 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Teen pregnancy is often unplanned and challenging for the future life of mother and child. The increase risk of health problems for both mother and baby occur during teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy impacts adolescent development in all aspects: physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development. 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Abstinence courses do not trigger any emotional response in adolescents nor do they personalize the situation for students, making them essentiallyRead MoreSex Education Is Not Just About Sex1620 Words   |  7 Pagesmany parents live in denial that their children are not having sex, this leads to children not being educated on safe sex. Sex education in public schools has been an ongoing debate on whether it prevents abstinence and educates students on teen pregnancy, as well as the transmission of STD s; furthermore, I will form an opinion through extensive research. Sex Education began in the 1800’s when public campaigns promoted and emphasized risk-reduction practices and health care prevention strategiesRead MoreEssay on Implications of Teenage Pregnancy in the United States1457 Words   |  6 Pagesteenage pregnancy has generally been in decline since 1991, the causes and effects of underage childbearing has continued to be a big burden on families, the public and government. 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The AFL differs from other primary prevention programs, but also has complications to its solution for teaching teenagers about its abstinence-only program. This paper is to display the effective approach of the AFL in how it contrasts from other programs, but also, how it can be revised. In the end, the program needs adjustment, from its abstinence-only education, in order for it to effectively teach adolescences the consequencesRead MoreIss ues on Teenage Pregnancy Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesamong people in today’s society. But as popular as this phrase maybe, it does not even begin to scratch the surface that lies beneath the complex issues of teenage pregnancy. There are many adverse concerns that encompass teen pregnancy, to which society has even developed its own views upon. Concerns that develop from adolescent pregnancy can have negative impacts for teenage parents, children, and even society. According to Furstenberg, â€Å"In 1995, in his State of the Union address, President Bill Clinton

Themes presented in Act 1-Measure for Measure Free Essays

A theme becoming noticeably present throughout Act 1 is that of religion, possibly part of the larger them of morality. The Duke, Scene 1 line 70, speaks of being greeted by ‘aves vehement’. The word ‘Ave’ in Latin means ‘Hail’ and is often associated with prayer, particularly to the Virgin Mary (a figure prominent in Catholicism). We will write a custom essay sample on Themes presented in Act 1-Measure for Measure or any similar topic only for you Order Now This suggests that the public in Vienna see the Duke as a saviour and a figure to be worshipped. At the time of its original performance this would have conveyed to the audience the prominence and power of the Duke in Vienna. However, the Duke says this greeting is good he does not ‘relish’ it, showing the audience possibly that the Duke is not arrogant and does not wish to be a replacement for someone’s faith; it perhaps allows the audience to hold a respect for the Duke from the beginning of the play. In scene 2, the references to religion continue with Lucio speaking of ‘the sanctimonious pirate that went out to sea with the ten commandments, but scraped one off the table’. This suggests a corruption of religion and its associated beliefs, which may foreshadow other themes coming later in the play-those of right and wrong, particularly when interpreting laws on prostitution and the confusion about marriage (should it be based on good faith or a legal ceremony). The pirate reference, particularly to the original audience, may have suggested that personal interpretations and sinister dealings were going to occur in the performance. Both the reference to the pirate and ‘aves’ could show how Shakespeare is presenting a ‘problem play’. They raise the question of how religion should be carried out and how it can creep too far into everyday behaviour, until people begin to make powerful/adored figures idols and interpret religious teachings to suit their own behaviour. Scene 3, in the monastery, has two intertwining themes running through it-those of power and religion. The audience is presented with two powerful figures in their own right, one powerful due to his allegiance to God and perhaps less powerful in the workings of society and the other powerful due to his position in society and perceived almost as a ‘God’ by his people. A silent power struggle appears to be occurring in the scene, not power for power’s sake, but in order to earn the respect of the other. Throughout, the Duke appears to be justifying his argument in order to make it sound less corrupted and more favourable in the eyes of the friar. This comes across in his greetings of ‘Holy father’ and ‘holy sir’ and flattery ‘none knows better than you’. The friar speaks politely to the Duke ‘Gladly, my lord’. There is some sense of balance or equality in this scene, as ordinarily the Duke would be seen to be more powerful, due to his reign on the justice system however, he knows that the only person who can help him is the friar and the friar has the weapon of being aware of why the Duke has disappeared. Justice and morality are two another themes running throughout Act 1. The main plot line of Claudio being sentenced is at the centre of these themes. At the time of the first performance, brothels were widely apparent and many powerful figures were known for making use of their services. This is made clear to the audience, with the scene set in a brothel and the comic references to sexual diseases and the portrayal of the brothel as an industry. This should show the audience that it was widely accepted that these places were a part of society, making Claudio’s actions seem less severe. He talks of Julietta being ‘fast my wife’, apart from the legal proceedings so the fact he is being punished for this action and others are getting away with prostitution seems even more immoral, it raises the question of whether Claudio’s actions are worse than the other male characters despite him being faithful to one woman. This is open to interpretation by the actors, ho wever, they may choose to play Claudio’s speech with comedy, to make it sound like a feeble excuse for his actions rather than a legitimate plea for justice, which could make it seem as though justice is being done. Again a sense of corruption is presented, this time in politics. The Duke, who has fled unexpectedly, has let the law be ignored for a number of years yet Claudio is being punished under it. This suggests the laws can be manipulated to suit the leader. This is similar to the corruption of religion mentioned earlier when the pirate changed the ten commandments to suit his lifestyle and ideals at the time. How to cite Themes presented in Act 1-Measure for Measure, Papers

Piaget Essay Example For Students

Piaget Essay Piagets Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentJean Piaget was born on August9, 1896, in the French speaking part of Switzerland. Atan early age he developed an interest in biology, and by the time he had graduated from highschool he had already published a number of papers. After marrying in 1923, he had threechildren, whom he studied from infancy. Piaget is best known for organizing cognitivedevelopment into a series of stages- the levels of development corresponding too infancy,childhood, and adolescence. These four stages are labeled the Sensorimotor stage, which occursfrom birth to age two, (children experience through their senses), the Preoporational stage, whichoccurs from ages two to six, (motor skills are acquired), the Concrete Operational stage, whichoccurs from ages six to eleven, (children think logically about concrete events), and the FormalOperational stage, which occurs after age eleven, (abstract reasoning is developed here). (www.psychcentral.com). (Bee and Boyd 149). The focus of this paper will be on thePreoporational stage and how the childs cognitive abilities develop according to Piaget. The Preoperational stage is Piagets term for the second major stage of cognitivedevelopment. It is in this stage that Piaget states that children acuire symbolic schemes, such aslanguage and fantasy, that they use in thinking and communicating. Piaget saw evidence ofsymbol use in many aspects of children aged two to six. As a Pre-School teacher myself, I havewitnessed many of the same behaviors that Piaget himself observed while developing his theoryof cognitive development. Children this age begin to pretend in their play. The dramatic playarea in my classroom is always one of the most busy areas of the room. The children love torole-play and create imaginary games. According to Piaget, such symbol use is also evident inthe emergence of language and in the preschoolers primitive ability to understand scale modelsor simple maps. Dramatic play gives the children the chance to role-play. If they work throughsituations in their classroom, theyll be better prepared for real-life scenario s. Throughrole-playing, children not only express emotions, but also exercise creativity and develop skillslike cooperation and problem solving. During the Preoperational stage, do begin to think symbolically and use language, but thechilds thinking is still very intuitive, and makes little use of reasoning and logic. I remember asa child thinking that the sun and moon followed me as I took a walk. In addition, the childs useof language is not as sophisticated as it might seem. Children have a tendency to confuse wordswith the objects they represent. If a child calls a toy block a car and I use it to make ahouse, the child may become upset. To children, the name of an object is as much a part ofthe object as its size, shape, and color. To the Preoperational child, insulting words may reallyhurt. (Coon 107). Consider my preschooler calling each other baby. To the adult it is aninnocent word, but to the preschooler it is the worst thing they can think of. Piagets description of the Preoperational stage also focused on all the other things thepreschool-aged child still cannot do. According to Piaget, egocentrism is a cognitive state inwhich the child sees the world only from his own perspective, without awareness that there areother perspectives. (Bee and Boyd 155). The child is not being selfish; rather, she simplyassumes that everyone sees the world as she does. I see many examples of ego egocentrism on adaily basis in the preschool environment and at home. For example, my daughter, Meryl, who isalmost five years old, gets a phone call from her aunt. She begins asking Meryl questions. Instead of saying yes or no, Meryl simply nods her head. What Meryl fails to appreciate isthat her aunt is unable to see her nodding. Meryl can only take her own perspective- I amnodding my head yes, why do you keep asking me this question?As a young child it is difficult to understand that some one on the opposite end of thetelephone cannot see you. Yo ung children seem to abide by the old saying, Out of sight, out ofmind. In Piagets view, for a child to be able to shift from using herself as the only frame ofreference to seeing things from another perspective, the child must decenter, which may notoccur until the child is about six

The Life Of Charles Dickens Essays - Charles Dickens,

The Life of Charles Dickens INTRODUCTION This report will talk about the life of a famous author, Charles Dickens. It will tell you about his early, middle, and later years of his life. It will also talk about one of his great works of literature. In conclusion, this report will show a comparison of his work to his life. EARLY LIFE Charles Dickens was born at Landport, in Portsea, on February 7, 1812. His father was a clerk in the Navy Pay-Office, and was temporarily on duty in the neighborhood when Charles was born. His name was John Dickens. He spent time in prison for debts. But, even when he was free he lacked the money to support his family. Then, when Charles was two they moved to London. 1 Just before he started to toddle, he stepped into the glare of footlights. He never stepped out of it until he died. He was a good man, as men go in the bewildering world of ours, brave, transparent, tender-hearted, and honorable. Dickens was always a little too irritable because he was a little too happy. Like the over-wrought child in society, he was splendidly sociable, and in and yet sometimes quarrelsome. In all the practical relations of his life he was what the child is at a party, genuinely delighted, delightful, affectionate and happy, and in some strange way fundamentally sad and dangerously close to tears. 2 At the age of 12 Charles worked in a London factory pasting labels on bottles of shoe polish. He held the job only for a few months, but the misery of the experience remain with him all his life. 3 Dickens attended school off and on until he was 15, and then left for good. He enjoyed reading and was especially fond of adventure stories, fairy tales, and novels. He was influenced by such earlier English writers as William Shakespeare, Tobias Smollet, and Henry Fielding. However, most of the knowledge he later used as an author came from his environment around him. 4 MIDDLE LIFE Dickens became a newspaper writer and reporter in the late 1820's. He specialized in covering debates in Parliament, and also wrote feature articles. His work as a reporter sharpened his naturally keen ear for conversation and helped develop his skill in portraying his characters speach realistically. It also increased his ability to observe and to write swiftly and clearly. Dickens' first book, Sketches by Boz (1836) consisted of articles he wrote for the Monthly Magazine and the London Evening Chronicles.5 On April 2, 1836 he married Catherine Hogarth. This was just a few days before the anoucement that on the 31st he would have his first work printed in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. And this was the beginning of his career. 6 Then, at 24, Dickens became famous and was so until he died. He won his first literary fame with The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Published in monthly parts in 1836 and 1837 the book describes the humorous adventure and misadventures of the English Countryside. After a slow start, The Pickwick Papers as the book was usually called gained a popularity seldom matched in the history of literature. 7 Then in 1837, Catherine's sister Mary, died. Because of her death Dickens' suffered a lot of grief. This led some scholars to believe that Dickens loved Mary more than Catherine. Catherine was a good woman but she lacked intelligence. Dickens and Catherine had 10 children. Then later in 1858, the couple seperated. 8 LATER LIFE His later years was basically consisting of two main additions to his previous activites. The first was a series of public readings and lectures which he began giving it systematically. And second, he was a successive editor. Dickens had been many things in his life; he was a reporter , an actor, a conjurer, a poet, a lecturer, and a editor and he enjoyed all of those things. 9 Dickens had a remarkable mental and physical energy. He recorded all his activites in thousands of letter, many of which made delightful readings. He spent much of his later life with crowded social friends from arts and literature. He also went to the theater as often as he could,

Analysis of Hillel Schwartzs essays

Analysis of Hillel Schwartz's essays An Analysis of Hillel Schwartzs Historian Hillel Schwartz holds a satirical grudge against the Slender Society of American and most other mainstream cultures. In his book, Never Satisfied, an extensive study of dieting and its sphere of influences, and in particular the final chapter, Fat and Happy?, Schwartz attacks unexpected sources of obesity: the media, stereotypes, the law, physicians, and dieting itself. He hypothesizes that what goes into someones head might have more to do with their weight than what goes into their stomach. In an almost vengeful manner, Schwartz repeatedly blames individuals of all walks of life for producing the fear of being fat, including fat people themselves. He reiterates the disgusting feeling it is to be persecuted by ones own fellow citizens as being labeled clown, clodhopper, cannibal, or criminal. Blame the kindergarten teachers, the coaches, the friends and physicians who goad fat people into a maze of diets from which they may never return. (487) According to the author, its these diets that are the real danger. Unnatural, coercive diets can greatly disrupt the bodys natural equilibrium. Schwartz adds: If left alone, 99 percent of human beings will reach a plateau weight, a set point at which their metabolisms will be satisfied and their bodies healthy. It is the dieting, the anxiety, and the perpetual scrimmaging with food that lead to illness. He goes on to single out physicians as part of the problem, generalizing them as an insensitive sub-culture bent on preying upon patients fears of disease and death by prescribing them all sorts of pills that further debilitate the system, dictating diets that are subtle forms of sadism. (490) He struggles, though, to give adequate support for these somewhat obnoxious claims, with a few exceptions. Its his argument about ...

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Questions - Essay Example Figure: Ethical principles involved in stakeholder decisions Source: Freeman et al., 2007, Pp. 88 The management thus, need to ensure that their corporate social responsibilities are well charted out since such practices can have serious consequences on the brand name and credibility of the company, thus limiting its ability to create value for the stakeholders. 2. The term Corporate culture can be defined as â€Å"a set of values, beliefs, goals, norms and ways of solving problems shared by members (employees) of an organization† (Ferrell et al., 2009). It reflects the shared vision, values as well as expectations of the founder of the organization as well as that of the management. The manner in which the employees behave; the policies adopted by the management, and the decisions made reflect the corporate culture of the organization. It plays a crucial role in influencing ethical decision making, for instance, if the corporate culture of the firm vehemently supports unethic al behavior the decision making is bound to support and encourage similar practices. The persistent application of such negative / unethical practices is hence, directly associated with the corporate culture of such organizations. ... The company came under a lot of flak for its unethical practices of hiring illegal immigrants and violation of human rights (Greenhouse, 2003). The corporate culture of the company entailed provision of low priced products for its customers, the pursuit of which lead to such unethical decision making by the management. The firm hired, illegal migrants working on meager remunerations, to lower the cost and hence maximize profits. Although the core values of the company did not endorse similar views, the corporate culture however, did encourage the implementation of unethical means to achieve their desired goals. While McDonalds on the other hand, reflected a corporate culture which endorsed ethically right practices, which is reflected in its decision making. This is mainly the reason why, the organization was acknowledged as one of the World's most ethical companies during the year 2008 (McDonalds, 2008). The accolades received by the food giant, reflects its corporate culture, which encourages provision of good quality products and services, cleanliness and good values; thus ultimately resulting in better decision making on the part of the management. 3. The availability of term papers and other research materials online is a fact, and can be regarded as a direct outcome of the rapidly rising use and reach of technology. Websites offering term papers in exchange for money has become a highly lucrative commercial activity in recent times. However, such a practice cannot be termed as unethical per se, reason being, it does not in any way, violate the laws of any nation or harm the society in general and hence does not fall under the category of â€Å"unethical business practice†. According to Painter-Morland & Werhane (2008)

Textile Industry in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Textile Industry in USA - Essay Example The industry comprises various, fragmented set of services that range from small, family-owned and-operated facilities that normally employ older, conventional manufacturing systems to giant integrated mills that employ the most modern machinery and manufacturing equipment. In 1996, Mexico pushed China aside as the major U.S. supplier of textiles and garments. Textiles and apparel are responsible for about 20 % of the U.S. trade loss. Recently, the loss in textile and apparel business was estimated as $52 billion. In accordance with the WTO, in 1998, the U.S. imported $69.1 billion worth of textile merchandise making it the largest importer. Exports are about $17 billion. Moreover, the Asian financial predicaments have impacted the U.S. textile industry. The American Textile Manufacturers Institute (A.T.M.I.) has resolved to firmly dispute against the new rush of Asian imports into the USA, following the depreciation of Far Eastern currencies. Apparel imports from Asia are up 12 % for 1998 to 5.9 billion square meters. In addition, Asian imports of fabrics, yarn and home fixtures have risen by 16 % to reach 6.1 billion square meters. Accordingly, U.S. fabric manufacturer Burlington declared in January 1999 that it would decrease its manufacturing facility by 25 %, as a result of bigger Asian garment imports in the U.S.A. Seven factories were shut, and 2,900 people fired i.e. 17 % of the labor force. Burlington Industries hires 17,400 persons in the U.S.A., 18,900 all over the world. It is anticipated that the U.S. textile and apparel industry's has experienced a decrease in employment from 1.5 million people in 1990 to 985,000 in 1999. Nevertheless, it is believed that as the World Trade Organization is more phased in and business impediments continue to decrease, the position for the textile industry on the global side looks assured for both exports and imports. Moreover at the same time as the economic predicament in Asia may turn up ostensibly to intimidate the textile industry with a rush of cheap goods from those nations, some crucial aspects make sure that the industry will be less at risk. The central of these aspects is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Statistics show that the agreement has already facilitated quickens businesses between the U.S., Canada and Mexico, with imports from Canada and Mexico representing 21.1 % of all U.S. textile imports. Especially important, U.S. exports to the two nations comprise 45.6 % of all U.S. textile exports. As there has been a common drop in demand for U.S. made products, this enlarged trade among North American nations will help to reduce the shock that the crisis might otherwise have on U.S. producers. In contrast, U.S. textile importers and developing countries have blamed the U.S. government of not fulfilling global Agreement on Textiles and Apparel (ATA). A key component of the ATA requires the phase-out of quotas on textile and apparel trade. Various American importers and retailers, in addition to the developing countries that export goods to the USA, have condemned the U.S. government for continuing quotas on various imports until the end of the 10-year phaseout period, which started in 1995. On November 15, 1999, the USA and

Will be provided Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Will be provided - Essay Example The task planner is responsible in preparing a simple and accurate task that is easy to interpret. The plan should be clear and precise right from baseline. The objectives of the task should be proper and definite from the onset of the, it would be easier for the managers to note any area of the weakness. Any duty in one way or the other must have its challenges so of the project. In the baselines are clear, it would be easier to notice loopholes. Once the challenge is on board, the project manager can easily amend it to suit the diversity in the implementation environment. The baseline will always remain essential in any plan because, should there be any alterations, the entire life of the work would have hiccups. Although the plan should be elastic to accommodate the changes in the environment, a careful study is of necessity because any slight change on the plan would affect the result of the project. The changes on the course of the action of the plan may inflate of deflate the cost of performing the project, depending on the nature of

Robert Mapplethorpe Photography Analysis

Robert Mapplethorpe Photography Analysis Mapplethorpe: Art or Pornography? art: the expression of creative skill through a visual medium such as painting or sculpture. pornography: printed or visual material intended to stimulate sexual excitement. (1) The question of art versus pornography is one that has long dogged the visual Arts of all mediums. Nudes on stage, actors fornicating on screen, and artists painting, drawing, sculpting, or photographing naked subjects or explicit acts, have all been scrutinised, discussed and argued over. Some have even been taken to court. Some depictions of naked forms do not even cause a stir. Nobody protests against the Romantic images of naked men or of the paintings and sculptures by Pre-Raphaelite artists of nude mythological beings. What is it then that determines whether something is classified as art or pornography? I would postulate that it is not quite as simple as categorising a piece as one or the other, and I will discuss this during the course of this essay. We must at this point turn to the Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of pornography and the key word â€Å"intended†. The deciding factor appears to lie in the intention of the artist; if he or she intends to â€Å"stimulate sexual excitement† the result will be pornographic. Mapplethorpe has admitted that his pieces are homages to desire, and that he himself was sexually stimulated whilst photographing his male nude subjects. It would be unfair to say however, that his photographs are not expressive of â€Å"creative skill†. His images, which I will examine in greater detail later in the essay, are formally beautiful and skillfully posed and shot. Can a piece of work be both art and pornography? Mapplethorpe himself insists that he makes pornography that is art (2). If an artist’s technique is masterful, why should the fact that the piece is sexually stimulating to others prevent it from being classed as art? Why can’t a piece of art hav e multiple functions? Some view Mapplethorpe’s photography purely as pornography, believing it impossible to classify photographs of naked men and women as art. When Mapplethorpe’s retrospective exposition The Perfect Moment exhibited at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Republican Sen. Jesse Helms was the most forceful objector. So outraged was the Senator that he would carry around photographs from the exhibition to illustrate his point to journalists. One photograph he would often present was â€Å"Rosie†, showing a young girl of two or three pictured with her crotch exposed, which he argued constituted child pornography. Others have agreed with Helms. In 1996 the image was removed from a London exhibition on the grounds that it might attract paedophiles. As many others have argued however, this view casts both Rosie and Mapplethorpe in an unfair light. As with many of his other photographs of naked individuals, what is most striking about â€Å"Rosie† is the humanity and i nnocence of this little girl; it is what is revealed about the figure that is most interesting. Nakedness is represented in the Bible as the state of innocence to which we must all return if we are to know God. In Genesis it is only when Adam and Eve fall from innocence and know evil that they realise they are naked. Saying 37 in the Gospel of Thomas alludes to the innocence of naked children: His disciples say to him: On what day wilt thou appear to us, and what day shall we see thee? Jesus says: When you strip yourselves without being ashamed, when you take off your clothes and lay them at your feet like little children and trample on them! Then [you will become] children of Him who is living, and you will have no more fear. (3) â€Å"Rosie† is only seen in a sexual context by those with the predisposition to see it in that way, whether they be paedophiles or hard-line moralists (4). Rosie herself, aged 23 at the time of the London exhibition, protested that the photograph was beautiful and innocent and not at all indecent (5). She had even hung a copy on the wall of the restaurant she managed. Mapplethorpe’s most explicit photographs are seen as obscene by many who are not moralists or particularly religious. His X Portfolio contains graphic pictures of homosexual sexual acts and bondage, such as ‘Helmut and Brooks’, which depicts one man’s arm inserted up to the elbow in another man’s anus. ‘Man in Polyester Suit’, another of the photographs often produced by Helms to show journalists, depicts a black man’s semi-erect penis protruding from his flies. It is an odd image, the picture having been cut from just above the man’s knees to his chest, directing the gaze to the penis. Is this pornography? Against the cheap suit, Celant asserts, the penis becomes an object of beauty, like an emergent flower, beginning to bloom with desire. It is erotic, certainly, but is it obscene? Many certainly view ‘Helmut and Brooks’ as obscene and, accordingly, not art. In 1987 Dennis Barry, Director of the Cincinnati Museum of Art, was put on trial for exhibiting The Perfect Moment. In court his Defense asserted that the aesthetics of Mapplethorpe’s work made his photographs art and not obscenity. In Janet Kardon’s essay, written as a guide and an introduction to the exhibition, form is emphasised as the focus rather than the content or context. Even when faced with explaining the photographs depicting homoerotic sexual acts Kardon extols the virtues of Mapplethorpe’s camera technique, almost ignoring the sexual content altogether: There is a drama in each photograph; edges are used as the perimeters of a proscenium,  with subjects strategically sited within those boundaries and caught at a moment of  absolute stasis. Most sitters are portrayed frontally, aligned with the camera lens, in  direct eye contact with the photographer and, in turn, the viewer. Nudes generally  assume classical poses†¦ although his models often are depicted in uncommon sexual  acts, the inhabitants of the photographs assume gestures governed by geometry, and they  are shown against minimal backgrounds (6) Returning to ‘Man in a Polyester Suit’, Kardon refers to the image as â€Å"outrageous† but only because the shot has been set up to appear as a clothes advertisement, making the juxtaposition of the penis â€Å"unsettling† (7). As Kidd writes, it is interesting that Kardon uses the term â€Å"outrageous† rather than ‘obscene’, and that it is not the act of photographing a penis that is â€Å"outrageous† but the actual penis itself, being rather large (8). The reason for this being, Kidd continues, that the term ‘obscenity’, has sociological and legal implications. In terms of the sociological implications, the obscene is a subversion of what is sacred, and is also separate from daily life – it is perceived as taboo, especially by religious organisations. Its legal implications are what led Dennis Barry to victory in his court case. Congress defines the ‘obscene’ as: 1. the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that such project, production, workshop, or program, when taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest; 2. such project, production, workshop, or program, depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way; and 3. such project, production, workshop, or program, when taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. (9) The defense successfully argued that Mapplethorpe’s work had artistic value – it is formally beautiful and striking, and the composition is masterful. His photographs could certainly be argued to fall under the first two definitions but all three definitions must fit for something to be considered ‘obscene’, therefore legally Mapplethorpe’s photographs could not be labeled as such. Flageolle extolled the â€Å"exquisite tonal qualities of the platinum print and controlled studio lighting† of Mapplethorpe’s photography, which can be observed in both his ‘hard-core’ and less explicit work (10). Photographs such as ‘Ken and Robert’ and ‘Ken and Tyler’, where Mapplethorpe juxtapositions black and white models, are made even more striking by using black and white film and posing the subjects in a rigid, symmetrical stance. All of Mapplethorpe’s photography is extremely precise, which actually adds to the eroticism of the images. In pornography models tend to assume very overt poses, leaning into the camera and pushing their assets towards the lens, and by extension towards the viewers. Much of Mapplethorpe’s work however, is more restrained in that regard. Subjects may perform explicit sexual acts, urinating in other man’s mouth for example, but it often seems to be personal, intimate. In â₠¬ËœJim and Tom, Sausalito’ the two men are almost unaware of the camera, a feeling heightened by the placement of them in the shadows. Mapplethorpe’s figures can sometimes feel almost cold, and distant, looking past the camera at something we cannot see. However, as Samaras has contended, pieces of art cannot merely be considered for their formal qualities, as that â€Å"relegates art primarily to the role of timeless visual entertainment not historicised cultural elucidation† (11). Mapplethorpe’s photographs showed the public another world. The homosexual and SM communities were brought to the attention of thousands of people. Mapplethorpe wanted to capture new images. His intentions were not to shock; â€Å"I don’t like that particular word ‘shocking’. I’m looking for things I’ve never seen before† (12), he told ARTnews in 1988. In photographing those â€Å"things† he also showed a multitude of people things they had never seen before. â€Å"The point of making art is to educate people† Mapplethorpe once asserted (13). He wanted to force the public into awareness of gay issues. If Mapplethorpe’s primary intention is not to sexually stimulate viewers of his work, does that mean it cannot be pornography? Yet Mapplethorpe certainly wanted to capture the latent sexuality of every living thing in his photography. Even flowers become objects of desire and sexuality. His photographs of flowers are almost more erotic than his nudes. There is a raw sexuality in the way in which he photographs them; the calla lilly’s stamen takes on a phallic shape, the stems of two poppies writhe around each other. Unlike much of his other work, he often uses colour film to photograph his flowers, capturing their vibrant colours, bursting with sexuality. Mapplethorpe sees no need to photograph his flowers any differently than his nudes; â€Å"My approach to photographing a flower is not much different than photographing a cock. Basically it’s the same thing† (14). His black and white photographs of single, naked black men seem to be more a study of the perfect form than pornography. The visually striking image of ‘Thomas’ recalls ‘Vitruvian Man’, Da Vinci’s mathematically and architecturally calculated drawing of the perfect human physique. With his arms stretched out to the perimeters of the circular barrier he stands in, his muscles rippling, skin gleaming, Thomas presents a striking and beautiful image of man. An untitled photograph taken in 1981 shows, apart from his penis, the rippling quadriceps of an extremely fit man. It is his gleaming thighs, reflecting the light and producing shadows, which draw one’s attention in this photograph, rather than the penis, which is shrouded in darkness. Mapplethorpe’s earlier work juxtaposed pornographic acts and images with classic poses and studio lighting, resulting in the disruption of both the pornographic and the classical and creating an uneasy mix. His later photographs of beautiful, gleaming male bodies are almost totally preoccupied with aesthetic beauty, with Mapplethorpe controlling the rigid poses. There is certainly a pornographic dimension to Mapplethorpe’s work but it is not traditional pornography. In many of the photographs, the subjects’ faces cannot be seen. Penises hang alone, boobs are held almost begrudgingly, the subjects uninterested. Nor does the pornographic define Mapplethorpe’s work. It is also a study of aesthetic beauty, educational, and a presentation of exquisite formal technique. Mapplethorpe’s work could be described as pornographic art; a combination of explicit sexuality and a formal exquisiteness. Endnotes 1 Soanes, Catherine, ed. Oxford Compact English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press.  2000. 2 Cited in Levinson, Deborah A. ‘Robert Mapplethorpe’s Extraordinary Vision: A review of The   Perfect Moment’. Aug 6 1989. www.tech.mit.edu 3 Cited on www.gospelthomas.com 4 Tozer, John. ‘In the Eye of the Beholder’. Variant, issue 6. www.variant.org.uk 5 Cited in Gerry, Lyn. ‘Cut! At the Edinburgh Festival’. 1997. www.ainfos.ca 6 Kardon, J, Mapplethorpe, R. The Perfect Moment. Philadelphia Institute of Contemporary Art.  1988. ps. 9-10 7 Kardon, J, Mapplethorpe, R. The Perfect Moment. Philadelphia Institute of Contemporary Art.  1988. p. 11 8 Kidd, Dustin. ‘Mapplethorpe and the New Obscenity’. Afterimage. March-April 2003. 9 Public Law 101-151, November 5, 1990. Reprinted in Richard Bolton, ed., Culture Wars:   Documents from the Recent Controversies in the Arts. New York: New Press. 1992. p. 286. 10 Flageolle, Andree. ‘Mapplethorpe and Baudelaire’. History of Photography. Winter 1995. 11 Samaras, Connie. ‘Feminism, Photography, Censorship, and Sexually Transgressive Imagery:  The Work of Robert Mapplethorpe, Joel-Peter Witkin, Jacqueline Livingston, Sally Mann, and  Catherine Opie’. New York Law School Review. Vol. XXXVIII Nos 1-4. 1993. 12 Cited on www.mapplethorpe.org/biography 13 Cited by McDonald, Robert on www.queerculturalcentre.org 14 Cited by Celant, Germano. ‘Robert Mapplethorpe: Man in a Polyester Suit’ ArtForum.  September 1993. Bibliography Bolton, Richard, ed. Culture Wars: Documents from the Recent Controversies in the Arts. New  York: New Press. 1992. Kardon, J, Mapplethorpe, R. The Perfect Moment. Philadelphia Institute of Contemporary Art.  1988. Soanes, Catherine, ed. Oxford Compact English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press.  2000. Afterimage. March-April 2003 ArtForum. September 1993. History of Photography. Winter 1995. New York Law School Review. Vol. XXXVIII Nos 1-4. 1993 www.ainfos.ca www.gospelthomas.com www.mapplethorpe.org/biography www.queerculturalcentre.org www.tech.mit.edu www.variant.org.uk FREE Pocket Business English, ACT NOW!

Getting Back into the Game :: Personal Narrative Essays

Getting Back into the Game I have always been involved in sports in some way or another. I was team captain in every sport imaginable in elementary school. Junior high I continued to be involved in sports, but it wasn't until high school started that I really got into it. I played soccer, softball and basketball at Rogers High School. I particularly loved soccer. Just playing it gave me a rush I had never felt before. Also knowing that this sport took a lot of hard work and dedication gave me a sense of satisfaction, because I knew that I put everything I had into it. Putting a lot of dedication and hard work into something may prove to be useful in the future. When I had my baby, being involved in sports at all seemed impossible. Then one day, my friend Cory from work was telling me that her daughter wanted to play soccer. She then said that she was going to coach because no one else had volunteered in her area. The only problem was that she didn't know the first thing about soccer. That gave me an idea. I played soccer in high school, so I thought I could help her, so I did. My friend Cory and I went down to Spokane Youth Sports Association and volunteered to become soccer coaches. I couldn't believe that I was actually getting to do this. I thought it was going to be great. I had not played soccer in a while, so I was nervous when I first started coaching. I never knew how hard it would be to dedicate yourself and your time to something without getting compensated for it. It was especially hard when the kids were more often than not pretty hard to deal with. I was coaching a team of nine-year-old girls. Some of those girls seemed to want to be there, and others not. That made it very difficult to get all of their attention at once. Sometimes it was so bad I felt that I was wasting my time. But I stuck it out in hopes that they would come around, after all they were only nine. As time went on the girls started to come around and started listening and enjoying the

An Analysis of “1984” by Orson Welles Essay

Back during the time of World War II, paranoia swept across the globe. Hitler, brainwashing thousands of people into fighting for him, nearly defeated all who opposed him. Had he succeeded in his mission, a fascist government system would have formed, greatly inhibiting the rights and privileges of the general populace. George Orwell wrote 1984 to demonstrate the horror this system would bring. Using setting, characters, and conflict, Orwell uses this book to portray the theme of raw, unrefined humanity, and its ability to rise above a corrupt and confining evil of an enemy. Orwell distorts the idea of Utopia, an ideal society where human beings live a perfect existence, and creates a fictional setting in which life is extremely bad from oppression, deprivation of rights, and terror. Fear is used as a tool for manipulating and controlling individuals, and nearly every positive feeling is squelched. The world is divided into three political countries: Oceania, Eastasia, and Eurasia. Each of these states is ruled by a totalitarian government and is constantly warring on multiple fronts. Using the terrifying atmosphere of the archaic world, Orwell creates the illusion that Winston has nowhere to escape the oppression. Winston is forced to live within his present circumstances; able to change where he lives, yet unable to change how he lives. Oceania’s political structure contained three segments: the ruling class, the educated workers, and the working class. Orwell, being a socialist, realized that with class distinctions came class struggle. The ruling class, consisting of the wealthy and powerful, was only two percent of the population. In Hitler’s Germany, the very few people who were considered part of the ruling class had a more luxurious lifestyle that the masses, yet in this nation, as in 1984, revolt was inevitable. The conflict between Winston and O’Brien is another way Orwell shows how a society can try to brainwash a person into believing the impossible. For instance, O’Brien wants Winston to believe that two plus two is five, going  against all the laws of mathematics Winston has studied all his life. O’Brien is one of the top leaders in the Inner Party, and may even be part of a hive that creates the idea of Big Brother. When O’Brien reveals himself as a representative of the Party and all of its contradictions and cruelty, Winston discards all feelings of friendship and suddenly becomes his enemy. This action directly relates to the theme in how if humanity is confronted with evil, every ounce of effort will be used to resist. Doublethink, the ability to hold two opposing ideas in someone’s mind at the same time, is forced into Winston by O’Brien, only confusing him further. If only Winston had accepted the doctrines of the Party, his life would have been spared. Instead, Winston is murdered because of his individuality, ensuring the inability to spread his idealistic views to the public, hungry for freedom and escape from oppression. Winston Churchill was the exalted leader of England during World War II. One must consider why Orwell gives the name â€Å"Winston Smith† to his main character. The name Winston stands for the individuality, uniqueness, and greatness of the character, while Smith stands for the regularity of such a person. In the failing governmental system in 1984, even the greatest person can be shoved aside and told to work in a menial job, negating all hope of ever reaching his full potential. Because Winston is so common, so real, it is easy to identify with him and to imagine being in his shoes. Winston embodies the values of a civilized society: peace, freedom, democracy, love, and decency. When Winston is killed, these things are destroyed with him. He represents the struggle between good and evil, and there is no mistaking where the lines are drawn. A Totalitarian government does not permit these characteristics in their citizens, therefore insisting upon Winston’s death. George Orwell wrote about 1984 in 1948, and the ideals he introduced can still be applied in the present. Although Winston dies at the end, Orwell is trying to show the stubbornness of human nature. We cannot forget that above all, individuality must be expressed, or the common man will have no reason, or desire, to live.

Star Trek Beyond Whats Inside

Star Trek Beyond Whats Inside Beyond All Expectations: Star Trek is back! There are 3 types of people: the oneswho like Star Wars, the ones who enjoy Star Trek and the ones who are into both these epic movie pieces. Lets talk about Star Trek, as The Star Trek: Beyond hit the cinemas all around the world a few days ago. The fans have been anticipating this day for long three years, since the previous ST film has been released. And now Captain Kirk, Commander Spock and the rest of the crew are back! If you are really digging ST, prepare to die during the first 30 mins of the movie! They will crash Enterprise. Again. And it is epic!!! While being in progress of completing its 5 year mission, starship Enterprise has been attacked by the alien warrior race. The starship is destructed and has to land on the distant planet Altamid, where the base of aliens is located. Will the crew make it through this tough time? (Spoiler alert: they sure will! :)) After all these blockbusters that Hollywood fed us with during past months, Beyond is like a breath of fresh air. Its not a remake or reload, not a super-pathetic self-called Number_One_film_of_the_year. Its just a new exciting adventure of space explorers,who fight for the happy future of the Universe. First of all, its worth saying that scattering crew members apart was a great idea. Though Captain Kirk is still the main figure, each member of the crew gets the possibility to shine and show themselves, acting as individuals, not as parts of one coordinated organism, instead of what they usually are when being on board of Enterprise. Commander Spock, the most famous Vulcan of all times, experiences earthy troubles understanding how relationships should work. And we also find out, that Spock is magnificent in making presents. (Ok, no more spoilers, I promise!))The main antagonist in Star Trek: Beyond is Krall, or Captain Balthazar Edison (Balthazar wait, where could I have heard this name? Id say at least 3 other TV series). During the film he evolves in our eyes from vicious warlord, who attacks Enterprise, to complex character, who is guided by revenge and hatred for the new peaceful lifestyle of Federation. We could be positive about the fact that there will be a stand-off between Kirk and Krall at the end of the movie. And the good will prevail the evil (oops, there goes another spoiler!)) As usually, there theres someone who helps the crew to defeat evil. And here comes Jaylah, the scavenger, who is not native to Kralls planet. She lives in the wrecked starship, knows how to make traps and she sure knows how to fight! Jaylah somehow reminds me of Rey from Star Wars: The Force Awakens. These two share much in common, beside the obvious fact that they both are strong female characters. At the beginning of the film both Kirk and Spock feel uncertain about staying a part of the Enterprise crew. But (lucky us!) overcoming difficulties force them to rethink their resignation. So, we may be pretty sure that sooner or later we are going to witness the Enterprise crews new exciting adventures at the final frontier.

Social and Economic Significance of Tourism Development Essay Example

Social and Economic Significance of Tourism Development Essay Example Social and Economic Significance of Tourism Development Essay Social and Economic Significance of Tourism Development Essay The social and economic significance of tourism development on a global scale After studying and understanding how deeply tourism development has significantly impacted on the world, I have noticed how closely that the social and economic factors are related, and how both of these aspects have direct effect on both tourists, and the people that permanently reside at destinations that have been extremely popular amongst tourists.The understanding of how economic and social factors interrelate is rather simple; the bigger the country’s economy, the more infrastructure and investment that is required for human development, can be produced for both tourists and the permanent residents, therefore if the tourism industry is proven to provide a country’s economy substantially, the government will welcome tourism development with open arms. The real question that remains is whether this is equally beneficial for all people who are affected by tourism development (economic and social) or whether a country is purely ignoring tourism’s effects socially, to thrive economically.This I believe does not leave a country happy with tourism development. I shall now state in my report how prevalent these impacts are, and if they are either having positive or negative impacts on a country which is heavily effected by tourism development. In my report I would also like to thoroughly explain how the changes over time and temporal patterns have a large significance on tourism development, and outline that that due to the changes over time, social and economic impacts is now faced on a day to day basis by countries that are heavily impacted by tourism, via its rapid development.One of the most obvious economic significance is how quickly the tourism sector has grown globally, and the projected figures from UNWTO which sees the w orld’s economy to be more widely affected by tourism development globally. Today, we see 235 million jobs worldwide available in the tourism industry, 5% of direct global GDP was tourism provided. Statistics also shows that international tourist arrivals grew by nearly 4% in 2011 to 983 million, which concluded that international tourism generated (in 2011) US$103 billion dollars from tourists.As huge as these statistics already are, UNWTO forecasts a growth in international tourists arrivals of between 3% 4% in 2012, and there to be 1. 8 billion international tourists by 2030. The economic significance of tourism is massive, and proves only to grow at a rapid pace. One of the biggest reasons why we have seen this huge increase in tourism development, and why we shall continue to see a rapid growth all comes down to the accessibility one has of an area, and the knowledge one has of an area.Both of these factors can be described to be governed by technology, which makes it un derstandable to why we have seen such a huge increase in tourism development in the 21st century in areas all over the globe, in comparison to the development that was present in the 20th century (refer to graph one). Tourism development has globally become both popular and possible in all areas rather than just those that have been branded to be tourist’s destinations (Europe, the Americas). Now, I shall explain how this temporal pattern has been allowed to grow so rapidly.To begin with, I would like to discuss the history of tourism development, and what had begun to stimulate this world-wide phenomenon. Accessibility, I believe, a word all of us geographers are more than familiar with is what I would pinpoint as the main stimulation for tourism in every corner of the globe. Over the past 60 years, the world has seen a vast advancement in technology. The world has seen aircrafts been manufactured to be bigger and quick, thus, the birth of long haul flights around the globe. Post war, (1945 +) we internationally saw the use of aeroplanes become more common opposed to ship voyages.This factor also relied heavily on the fact that the world’s economic trade flourished after the war, seeing people choosing to indulge in holidays for rest and relaxation as money began to become surplus, especially after the baby boom era (1949-1960). The baby boom era could be solely due to the end of the war and the improving economy, which saw European citizens flock to costal Europe, and warm climate areas such as Spain and Portugal. However, after 1970, we are able to see (refer to graph 1) a slower incline in tourism in Europe, and a steady growth in tourism in other continents such as Asia/Pacific, Africa, and the Middle East.I believe the reason for the growth in tourism in these continents majorly due to the easier accessibility to countries which are located further away from major centres such as the Americas and Europe. I can understand that it has become possible to travel to exotic, distant countries and continents due to long haul flights via the advancement of technology in aircrafts. Also, European tourist destinations like Italy, Spain and Portugal noticed the increase of tourists flocking to their cities and beaches and decided to ake advantage of this economic opportunity and built tourist attractions to promote their countries for tourism, and understood that they could rely heavily on tourism as an income provider for their countries economy, therefore felt comfortable enough to raise prices in the tourism industry as they were now more than reassured people will splash out on tourist type attractions. Here, I am able to notice a rather direct link between accessibility of a country/continent and the economic significance accessibility has in an area.However, these tourist destinations in Europe began to become costly due to the demand of infrastructure to be built to satisfy tourist numbers. This is another factor why we h ave been able to see a growth in tourism in other continents such as Asia, Africa and Australasia, as these continents were not internationally renowned as popular tourist destinations – and were cheaper than branded tourists destinations to holiday in- (in comparison to Europe and the Americas), until the 1980’s where accessibility to these continents became easier (due to long haul flights).Along with people’s ability of financially being able to travel to these vast regions, motivation also to discover foreign regions which they had no prior knowledge on came from use of the internet. The birth of the internet during the 1990’s progressively aided people’s knowledge and contact with regions that were not officially branded tourists destinations yet.The internet is also a form of accessibility mentally, as people were able to read about places across the globe and crunch numbers, such as travel time and expense of the trip that they formally woul d not have been able to do without the aid of the internet. Here, I can see a relationship between the economy and accessibility, in regards to the fact that people have become more willing to spend money on holidays due to the improved economy over the past 60 years, and also the economy of the country vastly improves too when tourists decide to holiday and spend money just too merely visit a country.I can put both of these aspects down under the understanding that accessibility has made this both easier for tourists and countries, therefore my analyses shall state that accessibility has had a positive impact on the economy side of tourism industry for a country over the past 60 years on a global scale. In simpler words, I would like to make very clear that provided and improved accessibility leads to growth and popularity of an area. Referring to graph 1, and incorporating the concept f accessibility, I can understand that Europe and the Americas are places that are never going to be neglected by tourists due to the physical geography of these places. Most countries in both of these continents lie extremely close together which makes accessibility easy and inexpensive for tourists. As both of these continents have extremely wealthy economies (example having London and New York in these continents), they could be described as not needing tourism as a source of finance to their countries’ economy such as other continents such as Asia and Africa that are home to many third world countries.Now, I shall discuss, in-depth, how a developing country copes with the pressure of tourism development, and how the development is affecting the country’s economy both positively and negatively. Bali is a small country in the Asia/Pacific region which has experienced tourism development quickly become extremely popular in a small amount of time. The first hotel was established in 1930, in Kuta, an area which today is one of the most popular tourist’s dest inations in Bali.The only other facilities and infrastructure in these early days (1920’s-1941) were the government houses which were not extremely appealing to tourists. However, over the next 20 years (1945-1961), Bali’s economy struggled due to WW2 and the civil war, which forced regulators to look for other options of income. During this period, President Sukano used Bali as a showplace to guests, which slowly, but surely, stimulated and attracted tourists to Bali, improving the Balinese economy.This was seen as extremely positive by the government, who decided to take an increased interest in the tourism sector as a main source of income for Bali’s economy. During 1967-1988, the Suharto regime went underway, to massively develop Bali for the sake of brining more and more money into Bali via the tourists. The perception which was held was that if Bali had developed infrastructure, tourists would be more attracted to Bali as a place to holiday – and fo r cheap as Bali was still a developing country during this era.

Toxicological Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Toxicological - Research Paper Example Some aromatic amines are under utilization as carcinogens in industries. Research was conducted to find what industries emitted these aromatic amines and to what extent these were damaging to the environment and the people around. It was an observation that the plastic, chemical, and dye industries emitted these in high amounts. Bladder tumors are a common side effect of these aromatic amines and the people who encounter these harmful gases often suffer from these diseases. â€Å"Auramine, naphthylamine, benzidine, and aminodiphenyl† (Walpole, 1959) were common aromatic amines that were believed to be one of the main chemicals causing bladders problems amongst workers working in these industries. Other effects of these amines include â€Å"drowsiness, headaches and dizziness that eventually lead to the person experiencing lack of coordination, muscular pain, contractions, a state of confusion, etc† (Books, 2010). These harmful gases may also cause certain respiratory pr oblems and liver diseases. Various laboratory tests and field researches were conducted to identify the exact side effects. Tests on animals were also conducted to find out the toxic effects of aromatic amines (Walpole, 1959). References Books. (2010). Aromatic Amines. General Books LLC. Walpole, A. L.

Creation stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Creation stories - Essay Example He, therefore, separated light from the darkness naming the former day and the latter night. On the second day, God established the firmament through command and it became. He made it separate the waters from the waters and called the firmament Heaven (Giberson, 2012). On the same day, he collected the waters under the heaven into one place thereby creating the dry land and calling it earth, and the gathered waters as the sea. Moreover, God brought into existence the grass, trees, and other plant forms. In the third day, God created the sun, the moon, and stars to bring light on earth in the day and at night respectively. On the fourth day, God created water creatures such as whales, fish, and air creatures such as fowls. On the fifth day, God established every living creature on earth except human beings. These included cattle, creeping creatures, and beasts of the earth among others. Being pleased with his work, he blessed the creatures and made them multiply to fill the earth (Giberson, 2012). God completed his creation work on the sixth day by creating man in his own image. Therefore, God created man both male and female and thereafter blessed them and told them to multiply and feel the earth. Moreover, man was given power to rule and manage all creatures and use some of them as food (Giberson, 2012). On the seventh day, God rested on completing his creation work. Therefore, he blessed and sanctified the day since it was his day of rest from all the activities of creation. In the second part of creation, Genesis 2:4- 24, God who is referred by personal name as Yahweh, creates the first man in his image by using dust, breathes life into him thereafter becoming a living being (Giberson, 2012). God names his Adam and places him in the Garden of Eden to manage it. Thus, it is the man that God performs the life-giving act and not his earlier creations. Moreover, the man gives name to animals and even to Eve, whom he calls a woman since she comes from one

The QWERTY keyboard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The QWERTY keyboard - Essay Example A quintessentially American invention, the QWERTY design demonstrates one of the key principles of human development: the triumph of culture over logic and the survival of a tradition which may not be the fittest for purpose, but certainly wins the prize for durability under pressure. The initial design of the typewriter keyboard was motivated by an intention to slow down the writing process, for technical reasons due to the tendency of the metal keys to stick if they were moved too fast (Baron 27). Through trial and error, early type writer inventor Christopher Latham Sholes from Milwaukee came up with the mechanically optimal arrangement of characters: in four rows, all in upper case (David 333). A further refinement was added by production partner Remington in the form of a letter combination which allowed the word â€Å"TYPEWRITER† to be formed using only the top row of characters. (David 27). So it was that the combined demands of technology limitations and sales ambition led to the final QWERTY format. As is the way of things in the modern world, technology moved on rather rapidly, and competitors soon appeared on the horizon, eager to take the ideas that had gone before and transform them into something better and cheaper than existing models. The so-called â€Å"Ideal† keyboard appeared in the 1870s, using the sequence DHIATENSOR in the top row, based on a calculation of the frequency of letter use in the English language: these ten letters were sufficient to produce over 70 per cent of words in English (David 334). Other ideas which have emerged since then include the use of an arrangement based on alphabetical order and the famous Dvorak layout which places the most common consonants in the central right hand position and the vowels on the left. The aim of this distribution is to shorten the distance between the most common letters, and encourage left and right hands to work in sequence (Bridger 380) with the result that typing on this k eyboard layout becomes both faster and more accurate than the original QWERTY arrangement. The Dvorak arrangement (see figure 1 below) was named after its creator Dr August Dvorak, and the patent was filed in 1936, at a time when industrial factory-style systems were common, and typing pools were set up as a way of speeding up business communications. Fig. 1 QWERTY and Dvorak keyboards compared. Source: Bridger, p. 381. On the face of it, these alternative layouts look like eminently sensible improvements based on a desire to better match the machine layout to the natural attributes of the human hands and mind. In practice, however, these later layouts have been rejected by mainstream typewriter and later also computer production in favour of the early QWERTY version. This raises the question why the older model has stuck, and improvements have been rejected. The answer comes down to a combination of different factors. Some of these are due to the momentum that the QWERTY layout gai ned in the critical years of atomization in the United States. As companies were set up they designed integrated systems which fed into each other, so that for example sales, processing of orders and invoicing were conducted by letter and telephone, and instead of handwritten ledgers, typewritten documents were used, and then retained in filing systems. People were appointed to undertake these tasks, equipment was bought, training was provided and everyone

US invasion of Iraq Essay Example for Free

US invasion of Iraq Essay The research paper scrutinizes the invasion of Iraq initiated by the United States. Iraqi people had undergone several adversities as a consequence of this attack and are still on the pursuit of envisioning autonomy and liberty from the herculean clench of United States. On this account, the paper tackles all the efforts made regarding the reviving and enlivening of Iraq made by several state actors in accordance to their own personal capacity. United States invaded Iraq on 19th March 2003, and an operation known by the name of â€Å"Operation Iraqi Freedom† was started together with the support of United Kingdom, Australia and Poland. On March 17, President Bush had already given an ultimatum to Saddam Hussein either to surrender or to face the military wrath of the coalition forces, but the Iraqi government fell to its knees on 9th April by the invasion initiated by the US forces which concluded with the capture of the Iraq’s capital Baghdad (Copson, 2003). In the months of January March 2003, the US gathered its troops in the Persian Gulf. The total number of troops that the US gathered to invade Iraq was 100,000, furthermore military analysts assessed that though it will be possible even to attack in the extreme heat of summer, but military experts observed that fighting war in the cooler months before May would be much more favorable for the war (Hemmer, 2003). The American President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blaire viewed their actions as that of disarming Iraq of â€Å"Weapons of Mass Destruction† and to end Saddam Hussein’s reign of terror and his support for terrorists and their activities and obviously, to free the Iraqi people (Operation Iraqi Freedom, 2003). However after the invasion, no WMDs were ever found in Iraq. The intelligence officials furthermore agreed on this fact that no chemical weapons have been in production since the early gulf war of 90’s (SHRADER, 2006). The CIA also accepted that no weapons of mass destruction had been found in Iraq. CIA officially released a report stating that CIA was not able to locate any weapons of mass destruction (Associated Press, 2005). The question regarding Saddam’s links with terrorist organization, Al Qaeda being the most important one, was also answered. There was no evidence found regarding direct link of Saddam being supportive of terrorist groups. Certain notable US persons have also raised fingers regarding the authenticity of the claims made that Iraq is linked with Al Qaeda and can supply weapons of mass destruction to Al Qaeda too. Carl Levin Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee clearly stated it to be exaggeration of the issue. Senator Dianne Feinsten also said that clearly the Al Qaeda issue was hyped (HAYES, 2003). Public Relations In January 2003, an American poll showed that most of the Americans were in favor of having support from the allies before indulging itself in a war. Furthermore the American public even went for supporting big time for the President Bush in order to launch an invasion against Iraq. Polls further shifted in the favor of Bush administration following Secretary of State Collin Powell’s February 5 presentation to the Security Council (CNN, 2003). Although some polls which were later carried out showed a decline in support of war, but President Bush’s speech which he delivered on March 17, once again was fruitful in gaining support from the American people. A Washington Post – ABC News polling showed that 71% supported President Bush’s decision in going to war, and 66% supported the President’s decision in not seeking the vote from United Nations Security Council (Washington Post, 2003). But nonetheless many Americans opposed the war too and of violating a country’s sovereignty. Large rallies and anti-war demonstrations were held in many of the cities especially huge protests in San Francisco and large demonstration in New York after the war begun. Many people also believed that because of this war, there will be high level of anti-American feelings around the whole world, and it can further add fuel to the fire (Cosgrove-Mather, 2009). Development regarding post-war Iraq With the switch of Operation Iraqi Freedom from a military to a reconstruction phase, Congress with the passage of time started to get more and more demanding regarding specific information from Bush Administration’s plans for rebuilding Iraq or the post-war future of Iraq. The Chairman of The Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Richard Lugar said that for a proper functioning of democracy in Iraq, it could at least take five years for this to be successful (Lugar, 2003). In addition many of the analysts and policymakers believed that in order to rebuild Iraq, it will be required for Congress to allocate additional funds for the future, but many were of the view that international community should come forward too for rebuilding of Iraq. Several members of United Nations Security Council submitted a letter to President Bush too regarding their support for the post-war rebuilding of Iraq. Overall, Congress was of the view that after the downfall of Saddam’s reign of terror Iraq will be highly dependent on aid from the United States and the international community, particularly from the members of U.  N. Security Council as well as number of police and military forces to maintain peace and order. But the question was that for how long Iraq will be requiring United States assistance and help and how much assistance will need to be provided (Sharp, 2003). Post-Saddam Transition and Governance The U. S. aims for Iraq are for a united, democratic, and a civic Iraq that can sustain, govern, and defend it and is an ally in the global war on terrorism. The following sections discuss Iraq’s progress toward those goals. In establishing a successful and peaceful rule in the new Iraq, a lot of complexities were involved regarding various post war risks to stability in Iraq, therefore many analysts were of the view that instead of going for the democratic form of government the present Iraq might be most effectively governed under a military regime which will not be going for the restoration of full democracy in the country but instead would comply with U.  N resolutions. However no one came forward to take the role of this leadership. The Bush Administration therefore appointed a retired General, Jay Garner to take up the responsibility of administrating Iraq’s ministries. The Administration largely discarded the State Department’s Future of Iraq Project that planned the administration of Iraq after the fall of Saddam. The project cost $5 million and had 15 working groups on major issues (Department of State USA, 2005). Traditional administrative law (TAL) The Bush Administration was looking forward to holding of general elections in the late 2005 however Ayatollah Sistani and others demanded for early elections and the return of Iraqi sovereignty which ultimately led the U. S to announce that sovereignty would be returned to Iraq by June 30, 2004 and national elections to be held by the end of 2005. This whole decision was made part of an interim constitution named as Transitional Administrative Law. It was signed on 8th March 2004. It helped to provide a way for political transition and of holding of elections for National Assembly by January 31, 2005, drafting of a permanent constitution by 15th August and by providing a roadmap for national elections for a full term by 15th December 2005 (Katzman, Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security, 2009). Elections of 2005 The elections for transitional National Assembly, 18 provisional councils and the Kurdish regional assembly were held in 2005. The Sunni Arabs did not take part in the elections thus enabling the Shiite United Iraqi Alliance to ally with the Kurds and to dominate the national government. The elected government formed a committee which was given the task of drafting a new constitution and the constitution got approved on 15th October 2005. Sunni opposition tried to oppose the constitution but achieved only two-thirds of â€Å"no† vote in two provinces, not in the three, required to defeat the constitution. But in the elections later held on 15th December for a first full term government the Sunnis in a way allied with the Kurds and accepted Nuri-al-Maliki as Prime Minister, he won the approval of cabinet on 20th May 2006 (Katzman, Iraq: Politics, Elections, and Benchmarks, 2009). Promoting stability internationally and domestically After the war, the U. S pressure led UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, Qatar, Syria and Egypt either to send ambassadors to Iraq or announced that they’ll do it in the near future. Furthermore in almost 30 years, Iraq appointed its first Ambassador to Syria. Notable leaders who visited Iraq as a beginning of a new relationship were Jordan’s King Abdullah who was the first Arab leader to do so, he visited on August 11, 2008. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad visited in March 2008. Two of the most major steps in reconciliation efforts were the visit of Turkey’s foreign minister Tayyip Recep Erdogan and President Abdullah Gul and it was the first such visit by Turkish head of state in 30 years. The second was the visit of Kuwait’s Deputy Prime Minister Mohammad Al Sabah in February 2009. Furthermore Saudi Arabia also thought of opening an embassy in Iraq, however its still one of the pending issues and the final decision has yet to be made by the Saudi Arabia (Katzman, Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security, 2009). Even before that, Secretary of the Treasury John Snow tried to use diplomatic means to promote Iraq’s recovery. What he did was to try to persuade the institutions like that of World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to support the rebuilding of Iraq. Snow reported that representatives of the G-7 industrialized nations had agreed on this decision to help Iraq in its rebuilding efforts if the U. N Security Council grants its permission. Furthermore governments were asked to forgive the debt owed by Iraq, however Russia was particularly resistant regarding the subject matter as it owed $8 billion by Iraq and was heavily in debt itself (Blustein, 2003).

Types Of Natural Resources

Types Of Natural Resources Resource is a general term for substance, energy and information that can be exploited and developed by human. It is a naturally occurring substance that widely exists in nature and human society which can bring wealth to humanity. According to Elcome (1998), natural resources are the natural commodities and features of the Earths physical environment that are exploited by the human populations. Natural resources are extracted from the Earth to use in their existing form and often changed in form during the manufacturing process, which turns natural resources into products. The world is heading for an ecological credit crunch far worse than the current financial crisis because humans are over-using the natural resources of the planet, an international study warns today. The Living Planet report calculates that humans are using 30% more resources than the Earth can replenish each year, which is leading to deforestation, degraded soils, polluted air and water, and dramatic declines in numbers of fish and other species. (Jowit, 2008) Basically, natural resources are classified into two major categories, which are renewable resources and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources are further sub-categorized into sustainable and perpetual resources, while non-renewable resources are divided into consumable, recoverable and recyclable resources. Renewable resources are the first major category of the types of natural resources. Renewable resources are the resources which regenerate through natural processes within a reasonable time period. They have the potential to regenerate as long as it is not used up faster than it is replaced (Bagad, 2009). As shown in Diagram 1, renewable resources are sub-distinguished into sustainable and perpetual resources. A sustainable resource has a few characteristics which make it naturally to be classified as one of the sub-classes of renewable resources. One of its characteristics is the ability to maintain its resources for a period of time because its supply are currently available to be used and believed to sustain for the coming hundred and even thousand of years. It is also reliable in a perspective way as its usage hardly or does not cause any pollution to the environment. In turn, this uncountable and environmentally friendly resource can be utilized effectively. Examples of this cla ss resource include soil, forest, and water in aquifers. To improve the perspective towards sustainable resource characteristics, forest is chosen to be illustrated. Forest is formed with thousands of trees and every single of them has the capability to reproduce and renew themselves, where need not human to assist for growth or produce. Forest has large production capacity, long rotation time, and multiply uses (Nine unique features of forest, n. d). To be qualified holds the position as the second sub-class of the first major category of natural resources, perpetual resource has certain features which differ as well as share with sustainable resource. Particularly, perpetual resource has unbounded supply of its resource to be repetitively used forever, as compared to that of sustainable. While its reliability to be used and cause free-pollution to the environment is the characteristics sharing with sustainable resource. Tidal, wind, wave and solar energy are the examples for perpetual resource. Let further discuss on wind and solar energy for better understanding of the characteristics for perpetual resource. Wind contains tremendous amount of energy and it uses sophisticated turbines to convert this energy to electric power. Wind is just moving air created as the sun heats the earths surface. As long as the sun is shining, the wind remains an infinite. Though wind only generated little power in the United States in 2009, it is the fastest growing source of the new electric power, according to U.S. Energy Information Administration. For the case of solar energy, the Sun has produced energy in the form of heat and light since the Earth formed. This formation of the heat is categorical as solar. Since solar energy is originated from the Sun, it does not bring harmful pollution to environment and its infinity supply definitely make it has feasibility and might substitutes any other form of resources. Ashok (n.d.) stated that in the 21st century solar energy is expected to become increasingly attractive as an energy source because of its inexhaustible supply and its nonpolluting character, in stark contrast to the finite fossil fuels coals, petroleum, and natural gas. In addition to the first major category pointed in above, the non-renewable resources likewise make up the second major category of the types of natural resources. As discussed by Perman, Yue, McGilvray and Common (1999), non-renewable resources are formed by geological processes that usually take millions of years, so that they can be viewed as existing in the form of fixed stocks of reserves which, once extracted, cannot be renewed. Most experts and scientists translate non-renewable resources as not environmental friendly, cause to damaging effects towards living things, lead to imbalance of the ecosystem. In fact, non-renewable resources are sub-classified into three forms, which comprised of consumable, recyclable and recoverable resources as illustrated in Diagram 1. The first sub-class of the second category of natural resources is consumable resource and as its name implied, it can be consumed either partially or completely of its supply. In order to indicate the quantity of this resource that could be undertaken before its depletion occurs and requiring replenishment, a rate of consumption or capacity has been introduced. Fossil fuels are the best example to fit into this sub-class because it is consumable and it has limited resource to be supplied for long term. It is composed of oil, natural gas and coal, these 3 major types and they are all have broad usage to anyone in any country, which makes it be the most useful resource among others. Now, with only about 4.5 percent of the world population, the United States accounts for a quarter of total fossil fuel use, the largest per capita consumption of any country (Pimental Patzek, 2006). Whereas, the second sub-class of the second category of natural resources goes to recyclable. Recyclable resource has a unique characteristic, which is it can be reused again by applying some technological advance such as in machinery to reproduce it into either a brand new product or renew it alike original product. This recycling resource is beneficial to society as well as can remains its scarce resource, and thus it is worth to be recycled. Materials from discarded industrial products are usually being recycled. Holechek, Cole, Fisher and Valdez (2000) discussed that recycled metals become increasingly important as resources are depleted in the U.S. because metal recycling is cost-effective, progress continues to be made in recycling technology. Metallic ores are compatible to be an example for this sub-class as it is now widely being recycled and modified into different types of products. The third sub-category of non-renewable resources is recoverable resource. Recoverable resources are the amount of resources identified in a reserve that are technologically or economically feasible to extract. Mineral reserves and all other deposits that may eventually become available, either known deposits that are not economically or technologically recoverable at present, or unknown deposits, rich or lean, that may be inferred to exist but have not been recovered yet. Rock, though it is hard and strong, does not stay that way forever. When it undergoes the process of weathering, small grains and tiny particles are worn out and sand is formed. One of the examples of recoverable resources is sand. Mattern (2005) mentioned that weathering and erosion are processes that use natural forces like wind, water, and ice to break down and transport rocks and other material. It takes thousands or millions years to form sand, depending on the climate changes and environmental elements. The m ost abundant constituent of sand is silica, usually in the form of quartz. There are lands on Earth that are still unexplored. It is believed that much sand will be discovered in the future. In conclusion, the types of natural resources are classified into renewable and non-renewable as its two major categories. While each of this major category can be sub-differentiated into several classes, i.e. sustainable and perpetual for renewable and consumable, recyclable and recoverable for non-renewable. Each of these sub-classes has its unique and specific characteristic which holds it from being categorized into the others.

Statement of Educational Goals Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teachi

Statement of Educational Goals The role of the teacher has changed, perhaps evolved is a better word, since students left the atmosphere of home schooling to that of the classroom. I'm sure that there have always been innovative teachers, but lecture and paperwork (or slate board work) were at one time the norm. In some classes it still is. However, the fact that we have so many stu- dies concerning the development of learning skill, such as the four stages that Piaget ident- ified, and so many theories on the best way to teach a child, such as Constructivism versus Behavorialism, indicates that many educators have realized there have to be better ways, than exclusive lecture and paperwork, to evoke learning. We have learned in our educational courses there are several styles of learning that each of us use one or more of. This is a challenge to the teacher, because it means we can't con- struct all our lessons based on only one style (which is usually our own learning style). We, as teachers, must be willing to expand our own realm of thinking and try new approaches. I love this concept, since I would get bored if I had to teach the same way every day. In my personal view, a classroom that is learning is not the one where seats are neatly in their rows, each child is busy completing a worksheet and no voices are heard. Give me clusters of desks, with students collaborating on projects and the air buzzing with the sound of excited voices. I feel that textbooks should be used as reference tools, not the sole amount of knowledge we want to obtain on any particular subject. In fact, I believe that the true measure of the success of a teacher is when students endeavor to know more. How can this be ac... ...bjects like Social Studies that require remembering facts and dates. What can you do in that situation? I truly believe that board games, set up along the line of "Sorry" and using an ever expanding set of question and answer cards, could be an enjoyable and effective way for students to recall social studies facts, if played on a regular basis. Other topics requiring memorization, such as the 50 states or the American presidents, could be dealt with by developing trading cards in which students strive to com- plete a set. I believe that my job as a teacher is not simply to place knowledge in my students heads. I must also help them understand that knowledge and show them how they can use it throughout their lives. To be truly successful at my job I must transfer my excitement for learning and curiosity to my students, so they will want to learn more.

Equality and Human Rights Commissio Essay

Effective partnership working is vital in a childcare setting because we have a professional responsibility to support better outcomes for the children and their families. There are two core principle features that lead towards successful partnership working. These principles are integration and co-production. For successful integration to take place, crucial steps are taken by local systems that bring services together that share important information. The information that is shared promotes effective common understanding of the needs of the children and their families in which an assessment and referrals can be made. Professionals working across the sector with recognised experts and cross-department government policy makers are known as Co-production partners. This type of partnership working is effective when all partners are all active in working alongside one another, sharing expertise and knowledge with other partners and colleagues. Outcome 1.2 Explain the importance of partnership working with: †¢ Colleagues In child care, partnership working and working as part of a team is important in caring for the children, and this comes through having mutual respect for one another. It is vitally important that creating a positive relationship with other colleagues has a constructive effect on the working and caring environment for the children to be part of. Each colleague will have their own ideas, suggestions and concerns regarding either the children they work with or the working environment. What is important is that we listen and acknowledge this and provide feedback. As a team we should encourage open and honest communication and any staff issues should be dealt with directly and promptly with one another without feeling intimidated. Offering support and advice as a child care officer is essential for the child as well as colleagues. There are occasions when staff members will need the support, for example when they are struggling dealing with a behavioural challenge, parents or other agencies. The extra help will get the situation under control. As a whole, all the knowledge and skills that an individual can bring to working with colleagues are important. It is crucial to collaborate these with one another in such environments and circumstances while working together. †¢Ã‚  Other professionals/Others As a childcare officer I work alongside many other professionals, such as social workers, youth workers and the police. It’s important that I build a relationship with these external agencies for the sake of any child under my responsibility. Where I work, I am fully aware of any issues that a child has in the residential setting. Without the assistance of other professionals outside the residential setting, I wouldn’t be aware of issues that are cause for concern for a child. Therefore, it’s crucial that having a  good relationship with other professionals that I can liaise with to ensure me that I’m fully aware of any external issues that may have an effect for a child under my care. Outcome 1.3 Analyse how partnership working delivers better outcome. Partnership does seem to be an important mechanism for delivering better services and for tackling complex issues. However partnership working takes much effort and input from staff members to make effective and if the  concept loses legitimacy there is a danger that people will begin to disengage from this process. The outcomes of partnership working are imperative and it is for this reason that we need to be clear about what kind of working relationships can produce what kind of impacts for whom, when and why. [Glasby,2009] Outcome 1.4 Explain how to overcome barriers to partnership working. There are a number of barriers that can arise while working in partnership. It is how we deal with them in the first place can be vital to resolving a problem before it occurs. Dishonesty and trust can be an issue when working with other agencies. By accepting the challenges each other face and through honesty and having open communication we can overcome barriers such as dishonesty. Acknowledge each other’s expertise is key for a good working relationship. If there was a problem that an area of expertise was needed, then having worked in partnership with another agency before can overcome this. If respect isn’t shared then it will have a knock on effect onto all partnership working. Respect is commonly passed between everybody through all walks of life. While working with other partners and agencies then having respect for one another is a bond that needs to be strong. Ultimately the end goal for all parties involved is the welfare of the child, and each and everyone must respect that. Overall, honesty, trust, acknowledgement and respect all come through and are gained through communication. Once communication is broken down then problems arise from all different partnerships. All these barriers can be overcome through effective communication and keeping all communication channels open. This primarily will improve partnership working. Also you can achieve greater equality, mutual respect and satisfaction, as well as more efficient use of everyone’s time. You can create a positive, empowering and supportive relationship with everyone working together towards the same goals. Explain own role and responsibilities in working with colleagues. I am a child care officer working in a residential school. The childcare team consists of twelve other officers and three of whom are senior childcare officers. The residential school has a school-end and a dormitory-end. All childcare officers work in partnership with the teachers as the school run a 24hour curriculum. I am in charge of the middle dormitory that has five boys aged between 13 and 15, as well as two other child care officer. My main responsibilities are to ensure that the children are safe and cared for in the living environment, and that their needs are met emotionally, physically and mentally. Working as a team with colleagues and partners is important as a childcare officer. As part of a team we are able to pass forward any information that may affect any children under our responsibility or any changes or issues around surrounding the team. The role of a childcare officer can be emotionally draining and it’s vital that I support the staff as well as the behavioural issues the children deal with. As whole the childcare team all support one another and it has a positive effect on the children welfare. Outcome 2.2 Develop and agree common objectives when working with colleagues. Each child care officer has key children that he/she are responsible for. To develop and agree on common objectives I meet with the colleagues once a week to discuss Individual Developmental Plans (IDP) for the key children. The IDP is a meeting to agree on a plan on issues and concerns for the child to work on and develop through each week and school term. All the staff that work closely with the same child have the same objectives, and this is inhouse partnership working along with one another. This approach taken by staff members can have a reflective impact upon a child. Outcome 2.3 Evaluate own working relationship with colleagues. I believe that my working relationship with other colleagues is incredibly positive. One of key attributes is that I communicate well at all times. Through effective communication I feel that it increase my confidence and therefore have a positive impact upon the children under my supervision. If the children can see positive behaviour then they tend to follow and I need to lead by example for this to occur. The childcare team are all very supportive to one another and I feel comfortable asking for advice or guidance when an issue or occasion arises that I feel may need better expertise. Also I feel that my colleagues know that they could without doubt ask me for any support that they feel they may need and I would help them. I am always looking to improve as a professional and I take great interest of colleagues that have been in the environment for many more years than me. Therefore as well as theoretical  learning I also enjoy observational learning through observing my colleagues  on a day to day basis. Outcome 2.4 Deal constructively with any conflict that may arise with colleagues. Personal likes and dislikes must be put aside when working as a childcare officer because your main priority is the welfare of the children. Having the ability to communicate constructively at all times with other colleagues is essential and if there are any issues that need be resolved, then we are able to do so through effective communication. If there any conflicts that are cause of concern and needed higher authority then our line manager is available to discuss matters. Also in conclusion to this, any issues arising can be brought forward in a staff meeting held at the end of each week. Issues or concerns should be dealt with immediately so that the team morale and effective team work can proceed. Outcome 3.1 Explain own role and responsibilities in working with other professionals. The roles and responsibilities are determined by which other professional I work alongside. Each child (depending on the situation) has different working partnership. One of my roles is the responsibility for a child’s health and well being. On many occasions I must take the child to the doctors or dentist. I make appointments with these fellow professionals as well as follow up appointments if needed. I also work with professionals such as Psychologists, Social Workers, Foster Parents, Youth Offending Team and Youth Workers. I often meet with these in support of the children I am a key worker for. Although at times having these meeting are emotionally difficult for the child, all the professionals are working together to develop the child’s present and future lives. Outcome 3.2 Develop procedures for effective working relationships with other professionals. Cross Reference with 4.2 Outcome 3.3 Agree common objectives when working with other professionals within the boundaries of own role and responsibilities. Observation of staff de-brief meeting. Minutes from meeting. Outcome 3.4 Evaluate procedures for working with other professionals. The school and local authority have procedures put in place when working with many professionals that cover a number of different situations. These procedures are to protect the child and yourself. Looked After Child (LAC) Review is a procedure which all professionals, carers/parents, and the child work in partnership. This partnership allows all parties including the child the opportunity to give their thoughts and opinions on current issues. It is important that I keep good professional relationships with all that are involved as well as support the child at all times. Outcome 3.5 Deal constructively with any conflict that may arise with other professionals. As discussed in outcome 1.1, integration is really important when working together with other professionals. One occasion in the last few months I had to deal with a conflict with a foster family and a child regarding a school issue. This caused the child to rebel against the foster family as well as the child being aggressive and threatening. I dealt with the issue constructively by having the family acknowledge the issues that miss informing other professionals can cause problems. I then had to educate and rationalize with the parents and child to resolving the issue. Having all parties accept that resolving conflict is often a necessary process to  achieve positive or desired outcomes, and then we can learn and move forward. Outcome 4.1 Analyse the importance of working in partnerships with others. Ensuring the safety of the child and all partnerships working in childcare is important. On occasions we deal with children that break the law and the police need to be informed. When the nature of the crime is explained to the police, we also need to exchange information regarding the child involved. Through the exchange of information and the other agencies that the police have at their disposal, the potential outcome can meet the individual needs of the child. This is an example that specific expertise of others was needed to resolve an issue that was other than just breaking the law. The exchange of information, further working partnerships and meeting the individual needs can result in consistency of care for the child. Outcome 4.2 Develop procedures for effective working relationships with others. When a child absconds from the residential school grounds, a procedure has put in place to warrant the safety of the child. The first call is to the senior staff and they are informed immediately that a child has absconded. The school then phone the police to help in the search of the child. Also the school work in partnership with the parents and foster parents to ensure that the issue is explained correctly, what is being done and the outcome of the event. Outcome 4.3 Agree common objectives when working with others within the boundaries of own role and responsibilities. Observation Outcome 4.4 Evaluate procedures for working with others. Cross reference with 3.4 Outcome 4.5 Deal constructively with any conflict that may arise with others. Observation Bibliography †¢Ã‚  www.childcarenetwork.com/childcare_relationships[Accessed:21/07/2013] †¢Ã‚  Equality and Human Rights Commission (2010), Policy, Working Better Childcare Matters: improving choices and chances for parents and children †¢Ã‚  Glasby.J.,Dickinson.H.,(2009) International Perspectives on Health And Social Care: Partnership working in action. p162.