Dress and modern dress Essay Example

Dress and modern dress Essay Example Dress and modern dress Essay Dress and modern dress Essay In this assignment I am going to be comparing Ancient Greek clothing to modern clothing, I am also going to use diagrams to show some of my examples of clothing.In Greece today the weather is very hot nearly all year round, so the people do not need to wear as thick and as many clothes as we do because of our colder climate. In Ancient Athens the weather was exactly the same as it is now.The material used was very light and airy as to keep them cool, it was usually wool or linen which was woven at home by the women, it was then made into clothes, nowadays clothes arent hand made, they are manufactured by machines and sold in shops, even if we had to make our own clothes it would be less of a job because we have got sewing machines and other things that were not used back then.Many colours were used for there clothing such as yellow black and green but amongst the most popular were purple, violet, saffron and red. To decorate their clothes they used stars or spots but it was mostly ge ometric designs, round the edges they would weave pictures of scrolls, cartoons and animal-scenes (shown on 5 diagram C). Currently we have clothes in every colour you could imagine and have pictures and designs all over them. Machines also do this nowadays, but in some circumstances people put their own designs in clothes (shown on page 6 diagram b)The main type of clothes worn by women was the Chiton, which is a type of loose fitting dress, this similar to what women wear now except for one thing, one is women wear now are just one piece that you just slide over your head. (Shown on 6-diagram c). There were two main styles of Chiton that women wore, Doric or Ionic. The Doric (shown on page 5 diagram b) had a very simple design. It consisted of one large piece of cloth, usually wool, which was folded. It was then placed round the body. It was fastened at the shoulders by broaches and then allowed to fall into folds. Then a belt was worn around the waist to hold the dress in positio n; this was called a Girdle, (shown on 5 diagram b). Women at the present do not have to wear belts because women only wear belts today through choice, and not as a necessity to hold their dresses together. A much longer version of this dress was called a Peplos. The Doric chiton shows more flesh than the Ionic because it exposes the arms and the neck, there are varying styles like this now. This type of dress sounds more like the sort of dress celebrities wear to walk down the red carpet, at movie premiers.The Ionic style was much more like modern day dress. The material, was almost always linen, was folded and sewn, leaving wholes for the head and arms. A belt was also worn with this dress too to hold in into position and try and make it fall into folds from the waist down (shown on page 5 diagram a). This type of dress looks more like a ball gown because they are big and fancy in design.Sometimes people wore a Himation (shown on 5 diagram a) over their chiton, which was a kind of shawl or cloak, this was especially good outside ain the evening or on a cold day. Women also wear these in this day and age, but not to keep them warm, but just as a supplement on top of their dress.Mens clothing was even simpler than womens, but that was to be expected. The garment worn most by men was the chiton, it was just a shorter version than the womens, about knee length. Most often the right shoulder was left bare if he was doing exercise or some hard work. This doesnt really compare to any mans modern day clothes because men dont wear dress like clothes. The only thing it is like is shorts and t-shirt because all they are really is a chiton cut in half at the waist. Men now were trousers more often than not with a jumper, but of course they didnt have these because their climate was much hotter than it is in our northern country. Men also used the himation, mostly when they were outside or on long journeys. For men nowadays this is a bit like a scarf, but too keep them w arm they usually wear a fleece or thicker jumper. This garment was fastened at the shoulder, with a broach or pin. On special occasions a long robe was worn and the right shoulder was often left bare. Men wear suits on special occasions now, but then if they wore suits they would get too hot.Young children rarely wore clothes because they grew out of them very fast. As girls began to get older they started to wear a simple sort f smock, which was above their knees. When boys grew old enough to go to school they began to wear garments similar to the mans chiton. In the modern day children wear clothes from the day they are born, just a simple one-piece suit. This is mostly too keep them warm. Then as they grow up they just wear smaller versions of adult clothes.The way you wore your clothes also mattered back then, at one time it was thought sloppy to let the hem of your himation touch the floor.At home sandals were not worn, but when they went out into the streets or on a journey le ather sandals were worn. We wear slippers or just socks around the house now to protect our feet and keep them clean. The sandals were very simple and made to measure, they were measured by a cobbler who would place the persons foot on a piece of leather and then cut the sole out around the foot. The sole was attached to the foot by leather thongs tied across the instep and across the ankle. Leather thongs are long thin strips of leather. At the present shows are ready made in a selection of sizes varying from 1-12 in childrens and 1-13 in adults. Only shoes over a size 13 are made specially.Headwear was not very common, although like today people going on journeys wore hats except theirs is called apetasos, a wide brimmed hat. Women were protected from the sun by a parasol that was held by a slave. Poorer people or those without sun protection just pulled their himation over their head.Hair was worn in a variety of styles (shown on 6 diagram a). Ribbons, veils or small caps were us ed to keep the hair in position. Sometimes ringlets of hair were allowed to hang down in long strands. Women have styles like this nowadays, but have much more choice. Combs were used for hairdressing; they were made of wood or ivory and were delicately carved. Currently combs are made out of plastic or metal because it is cheap. Some women dyed their hair to their preferred colour.Jewellery was very popular with women. They wore rings, necklaces, earrings and bracelets. Bracelets were worn at the elbow and shoulder as well. This is virtually the same as what women wear at the present except there are many more materials to choose from now.Women used make-up then just as much as they do now. As white skin was regarded as a sign of beauty white lead was used to whiten the skin and alkanet juice was used to highlight the cheeks with a slight hint of rose-colour, just as rouge is used today. We know now that lead is poisonous and can bring you out in a rash or even kill you if you use too much, that is why it is not used any more. Lipstick and eye shadow were also used (probably made out of an ash of some kind). Some women tended to over do their make-up and this poet tells the hazards:If you go out in the hot summer weather, two streaks of black run from your eyes; sweet, running from your cheeks, carves of red furrow all the way down your neck, it covers it with white-leadThis is only part of the poem but it tells the embarrassing truth about what would happen if you went out with too much make-up on back then in Ancient Greece.Currently clothes are all different shapes and we use wardrobes so when they have been ironed they dont get creased, but then, most Greek clothes were rectangular so they could fit into chests.There wasnt much too choose from in the underwear department then because women wore a strip of cloth as a bra and that was it, there werent any boxer-shorts or knickers.A boys chest might contain pairs of sandals, boots and a pair of slippers for clod mornings. Hed also have a few hats, a belt and a short cloak if he rode a horse. If a boy was found with only this now he would be regarded under privileged, but it was different then because they didnt need as many clothes.In a girls room you might find a trinket box with bracelets, necklaces and earrings. Another box for ribbons combs and scarves. In a girls chest you might find sandals but not boots and if she was daring she might have high-heeled, cork-soled shoes to make here look taller, the Greeks liked tall women.

Introduction to the Agricola by Tacitus

Introduction to the Agricola by Tacitus Introduction | The Agricola | Translation Footnotes The Agricola of Tacitus. The Oxford Translation Revised, With Notes. With An Introduction by Edward Brooks, Jr. Very little is known concerning the life of Tacitus, the historian, except that which he tells us in his own writings and those incidents which are related to him by his contemporary, Pliny. The Date of the Birth of Tacitus His full name was Caius Cornelius Tacitus. The date of his birth can only be arrived at by conjecture, and then only approximately. The younger Pliny speaks of him as prope  modum aequales, about the same age. Pliny was born in 61. Tacitus, however, occupied the office of quaestor under Vespasian in 78 A.D., at which time he must, therefore, have been at least twenty-five years of age. This would fix the date of his birth not later than 53 A.D. It is probable, therefore, that Tacitus was Plinys senior by several years. Parentage His parentage is also a matter of pure conjecture. The name Cornelius was a common one among the Romans so from the name we can draw no inference. The fact that at an early age he occupied a prominent public office indicates that he was born of good family, and it is not impossible that his father was a certain Cornelius Tacitus, a Roman knight, who was procurator in Belgic Gaul, and whom the elder Pliny speaks of in his Natural History. Tacitus Upbringing Of the early life of Tacitus and the training which he underwent preparatory to those literary efforts which afterward rendered him a conspicuous figure among Roman literateurs we know absolutely nothing. Career Of the events of his life which transpired after he attained mans estate we know but little beyond that which he himself has recorded in his writings. He occupied a position of some eminence as a pleader at the Roman bar, and in 77 A.D. married the daughter of Julius Agricola, a humane and honorable citizen, who was at that time consul and was subsequently appointed the  governor of Britain. It is quite possible that this very advantageous alliance hastened his promotion to the office of quaestor under Vespasian. Under Domitian, in 88, Tacitus was appointed one of fifteen commissioners to preside at the celebration of the secular games. In the same year, he held the office of praetor  and was a member of one of the most select of the old priestly colleges, in which a prerequisite to membership was that a man should be born of a good family. Travels The following year he appears to have left Rome, and it is possible that he visited Germany and there obtained his knowledge and information respecting the manners and customs of its people which he makes the subject of his work known as the Germany.He did not return to Rome until 93, after an absence of four years, during which time his father-in-law died. Tacitus the Senator Sometime between the years 93 and 97 he was elected to the senate, and during this time witnessed the judicial murders of many of Romes best citizens which were perpetrated under the reign of Nero. Being himself a senator, he felt that he was not entirely guiltless of the crimes which were committed, and in his Agricola we find him giving expression to this feeling in the following words: Our own hands dragged Helvidius to prison; ourselves were tortured with the spectacle of Mauricus and Rusticus, and sprinkled with the innocent blood of Senecio. In 97 he was elected to the consulship as successor to Virginius Rufus, who died during his term of office and at whose funeral Tacitus delivered an oration in such a manner to cause Pliny to say, The good fortune of Virginius was crowned by having the most eloquent of panegyrists. Tacitus and Pliny as Prosecutors In 99 Tacitus was appointed by the senate, together with Pliny, to conduct the prosecution against a great political offender, Marius Priscus, who, as proconsul of Africa, had corruptly mismanaged the affairs of his province. We have his associates testimony that Tacitus made a most eloquent and dignified reply to the arguments which were urged on the part of the defense. The prosecution was successful, and both Pliny and Tacitus were awarded a vote of thanks by the senate for their eminent and effectual efforts in the management of the case. Date of Death The exact date of Tacituss death is not known, but in his Annals he seems to hint at the successful extension of the Emperor Trajans eastern campaigns during the years 115 to 117  so that it is probable that he lived until the year 117. Renown Tacitus had a widespread reputation during his lifetime. On one occasion it is related of him that as he sat in the circus at the celebration of some games, a Roman knight asked him whether he was from Italy or the provinces. Tacitus answered, You know me from your reading, to which the knight quickly replied, Are you then Tacitus or Pliny?It is also worthy of notice that the Emperor Marcus Claudius Tacitus, who reigned during the third century, claimed to be descended from the historian, and directed that ten copies of his works should be published every year and placed in the public libraries. The Works of Tacitus The list of the extant works of Tacitus is as follows: the Germany; the Life of Agricola; the Dialogue on Orators; the Histories, and the Annals. On the Translations Germany The following pages contain translations of the first two of these works. The Germany, the full title of which is Concerning the situation, manners, and inhabitants of Germany, contains little of value from a historical standpoint. It describes with vividness the fierce and independent spirit of the German nations, with many suggestions as to the dangers in which the empire stood of these people. The Agricola is a biographical sketch of the writers father-in-law, who, as has been said, was a distinguished man and governor of Britain. It is one of the authors earliest works and was probably written shortly after the death of Domitian, in 96. This work, short as it is, has always been considered an admirable specimen of a  biography on account of its grace and dignity of expression. Whatever else it may be, it is a graceful and affectionate tribute to an upright and excellent man. Dialogue on Orators The Dialogue on Orators treats of the decay of eloquence under the empire. It is in the form of a dialogue  and represents two eminent members of the Roman bar discussing the change for the worse that had taken place in the early education of the Roman youth. Histories The Histories relate the events which transpired in Rome, beginning with the accession of Galba, in 68, and ending with the reign of Domitian, in 97. Only four books and a fragment of a fifth have been preserved to us. These books contain an account of the brief reigns of Galba, Otho, and Vitellius. The portion of the fifth book which has been preserved contains an interesting, though rather biased account of the character, customs, and religion of the Jewish nation viewed from the standpoint of a cultivated citizen of Rome. Annals The Annals contain the history of the empire from the death of Augustus, in 14, to the death of Nero, in 68, and originally consisted of sixteen books. Of these, only nine have come down to us in a state of entire preservation, and of the other seven we have but fragments of three. Out of a period of fifty-four years, we have the history of about forty. The Style The style of Tacitus is, perhaps, noted principally for its conciseness. Tacitean brevity is proverbial, and many of his sentences are so brief, and leave so much for the student to read between the lines, that in order to be understood and appreciated the author must be read over and over again, lest the reader miss the point of some of his most excellent thoughts. Such an author presents grave, if not insuperable, difficulties to the translator, but notwithstanding this fact, the following pages cannot but impress the reader with the genius of Tacitus. The Life of Cnaeus Julius Agricola [This work is supposed by the commentators to have been written before the treatise on the manners of the Germans, in the third consulship of the emperor Nerva, and the second of Verginius Rufus, in the year of Rome 850, and of the Christian era 97. Brotier accedes to this opinion, but the reason which he assigns does not seem to be satisfactory. He observes that Tacitus, in the third section, mentions the emperor Nerva; but as he does not call him Divus Nerva, the deified Nerva, the learned commentator infers that Nerva was still living. This reasoning might have some weight, if we did not read, in section 44, that it was the ardent wish of Agricola that he might live to behold Trajan in the imperial seat. If Nerva was then alive, the wish to see another in his room would have been an awkward compliment to the reigning prince. It is, perhaps, for this reason, that Lipsius thinks this very elegant tract was written at the same time with the Manners of the Germans, in the beginning of the emperor Trajan. The question is not very material  since conjecture alone must decide it. The piece itself is admitted to be a masterpiece in the kind. Tacitus was son-in-law to Agricola; and while filial piety breathes through his work, he never departs from the integrity of his own character. He has left a historical monument highly interesting to every Briton, who wishes to know the manners of his ancestors, and the spirit of liberty that from the earliest time distinguished the natives of Britain. Agricola, as Hume observes, was the general who finally established the dominion of the Romans on this island. He governed  it in the reigns of Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian. He carried his victorious arms northward: defeated the Britons in every encounter, pierced into the forests and the mountains of Caledonia, reduced every state to subjection in the southern parts of the island, and chased before him all the men of fiercer and more intractable spirits, who deemed war and death itself less int olerable than servitude under the victors. He defeated them in a decisive action, which they fought under Galgacus; and having fixed a chain of garrisons between the friths of Clyde and Forth, he cut off the ruder and more barren parts of the island, and secured the Roman province from the incursions of the barbarous inhabitants. During these military enterprises, he neglected not the arts of peace. He introduced laws and civility among the Britons; taught them to desire and raise all the conveniences of life; reconciled them to the Roman language and manners; instructed them in letters and science; and employed every expedient to render those chains, which he had forged, both easy and agreeable to them. (Humes Hist. vol. i. p. 9.) In this passage, Mr. Hume has given a summary of the Life of Agricola. It is extended by Tacitus in a style more open than the didactic form of the essay on the German Manners required, but still with the precision, both in sentiment and diction, peculiar to the author. In rich but subdued colors he gives a striking picture of Agricola, leaving to posterity a portion of history which it would be in vain to seek in the dry gazette-style of Suetonius, or on the page of any writer of that period.] Introduction | The Agricola | Translation Footnotes

In What Ways Does the Choice of an Epistemological Perspective or Essay

In What Ways Does the Choice of an Epistemological Perspective or Stance Influence the Formulation of a Management Research - Essay Example The paper additionally examines issues like empiricism, constructivism, idealism, rationalism, and their influences on the formulation of a research in the field of management. Epistemology is a branch of the philosophical field that is mainly concerned with the nature and limitations of knowledge. The field addresses such issues as what knowledge is, how it can be acquired, and the extent to which it applies to certain entities (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). Epistemological perspectives are the different ways in which different people view knowledge, its nature and scope. There are different epistemological perspectives that can be used in the formulation of a management research; they range from empiricism, idealism, and rationalism to constructivism (Fumerton, 2006). In order to overcome the difficulties that may be encountered in formulating the management research the concepts of infinitism, foundationalism, and coherentism may be utilized (Krishnaswamy, Sivakumar a nd Mathirajan, 2009). Empiricism is a concept that emphasizes the role that experience plays when one formulates a management research. It is basically a conjecture of knowledge that emphasizes the use of the perceptual observations that we make through our senses (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). ... On the other hand, rationalism emphasizes the epistemologically privileged statuses of data that we have collected through our senses. It additionally emphasizes the dominance of reasoning and consists of abstracts, theory, and borrowings from empirical studies (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). When formulating a management research using epistemology, an individual has to collect data before he or she can utilize the knowledge acquired. Doing this, an individual will be able to make appropriate decisions (Audi, 2010). Many challenges may be encountered in the collection of data that may eventually lead to misinterpretation. Data may be incorrectly interpreted due to the fact that different people possess different forms of knowledge along with levels of understanding (Fumerton, 2006). A lot of time is additionally lost when references are made to previous empirical studies that have been carried out, though they are important in ensuring the best decisions in regard to dif ferent aspects in management that are to be resolved. After researching the studies of previous researchers, an individual will have the empirical material that can help avoid the obstacles encountered by others (Krishnaswamy, Sivakumar and Mathirajan, 2009). According to Fumerton (2006), a lot of consultations have to be made before an appropriate decision can be implemented for the purpose of solving the problems facing a business venture. Rationalism enables to epistemologically reason out a problem before one can come to a decision as to the best solution. It additionally helps researchers overcome any errors they may have made when formulating

Managerial Economics Week 12 Individual Work Assignment

Managerial Economics Week 12 Individual Work - Assignment Example Incorporating secondary and intangible benefits and costs is an important analytical tool that can help project managers to account for the value added that arises from outside the project. The employment assumption in Detroit area regarding the benefits of the project is that the project will create more job opportunities for people. There is a positive relationship between employment rates in the region and the redevelopment project. There will increased income for resident of the area due to the project Without incorporating benefits in calculating the Benefit-cost ratio, the BCR equals discounted incremental costs. The project would be very costly to implement hence would not be desirable to conduct. The assumption is that the facility will lead to increased revenues from hotels and other conventional facilities. The assumption is realistic since the hotels would accommodate customers. Good customer services and accommodation are some of the core areas of the hotel facility that will generate revenues in addition to creating employment opportunities for people. Hotels generate Revenue from room rentals, food and beverage sales. Improving customer services, adding new revenue source and branding the hotel are some of the strategies that allow hotels to generate high levels of revenues (Rosehill, 2014). The desirability of the project slightly decreases even though the BCR value is less than 1. Reducing benefits from hotel facilities and excluding employment benefits makes the project less desirable for

Pope John Paul IIs Influence on the Fall of Communism Essay -- Biogra

THESIS STATEMENT Both the words and actions of Pope John Paul II were crucial to the downfall of communism in Germany as well as his native Poland. PURPOSE STATEMENT This paper will discuss Pope John Paul II’s role in the fall of communism in Germany and his native Poland through in depth research and an analysis of biographical research. INTRODUCTION Even as a child, people knew that Karol Wojtyla was destined for greatness. Even his mother bragged to all her neighbors that her newborn son would grow into a great man. And that he did. He served as pope from 1978 until his death in 2005, a period of over twenty-six years. He was the youngest pope of the Twentieth Century as well, elected at the age of fifty-eight. However, the most striking aspect of his election was that he was Polish – the first non-Italian pope since the Fifteenth Century! He was a remarkable man, who â€Å"with bold religious zeal and diplomatic shrewdness†¦forced open doors† (Accattoli et al 45). He forced people to seriously think about their lives. About morality, conscience, religion. He attacked communism will every ounce of his will and helped to bring down the Berlin wall. He â€Å"demonstrated in action that Christian conviction can be the agent of human liberation† (Weigel 847). It’s almost impossible to believe that such a famous man had such humble beginnings. Born in Wadowice, Poland on May 20th, 1920, Karol Wojtyla grew up in an environment of communism and depression. His mother was sickly and died at a young age, leaving him and his father alone, as his older brother Edmund was away at school. Many times Karol, or â€Å"Lolek,† as he was called by those dear to him, would enter his father’s bedroom late at night and see him knelt on the floor ... ...e like Pope John Paul II in their lifetime. Someone intelligent, virtuous, courageous, and, for lack of better words, miraculous. A man who could look at the political situation with optimism and say â€Å"’Even Communists are people, and people change’† (Accattoli et al 52). Undoubtedly, without the inspiring speeches, actions, and overall presence of Pope John Paul II, the communist regimes in Germany and Poland would have never met their downfall. â€Å"One of Communism’s basic tenets is that reality shapes one’s consciousness. But consciousness also shapes reality, and the pope’s visions electrified the consciousness of the masses† (Accattoli et al 49). Both the actions and words of Pope John Paul II were crucial to the downfall of communism in Germany and his native Poland. Without his courage in the face of adversity, Europe today would be completely different.

Exercise Addiction Essay

Exercise is important for the overall health and wellbeing of all people. People engage in physical activity for a variety of reasons. For some, being healthy is their only reason for exercising; for others, it may be to build more muscle, or gain endurance. â€Å"Exercise involves planned, structured, repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain physical fitness. † Exercise should always be beneficial; however excessive exercise can lead to harmful outcomes, and in come cases exercise can become an addiction. Exercise addiction has many of the same characteristics seen drug addiction such as: tolerance withdrawal, lack of control, intention effects, time, reduction in other activities, and continuance. Researchers have developed conceptually sound diagnostic criteria for exercise dependence, but have yet to determine a suitably convincing mechanism for its onset. In order to determine what type of interventions would be effective for treating or overcoming exercise addiction, researchers must first have an understanding of what causes the addiction. Understanding what psychological and physiological mechanisms are present in exercise addiction can help researchers to develop an intervention that will address all factors that nurture the addiction. The purpose of this study is to examine existing literature on the underlying mechanisms that could be responsible for the onset of exercise addiction in individuals in order to determine what types of intervention are needed to effectively treat exercise addiction. The study will include interviews to assess exercise addiction. Theoretical background In 1977, psychiatrist George L.  Engel released an article, The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine, in which he proposed the Biopsychosocial Model, or BPSM. 1 â€Å"The Biopsychosocial Model is a method of understanding health and illness through biological, psychological, and social factors. † 2 Prior to Engel’s model, the Medical Model was the primary approach to medicine. The Medical Model focused on finding a single specific cause of illness to cure the disease, not the person as a whole. In The Need for a New Medical Model, Engel outlined weaknesses of the Medical Model. Engel addressed the Medical Model as a reductionist approach to medicine. 3 The Medical Model suggested that all diseases could be reduced to a single underlying â€Å"measurable biological variable† and treated without consideration of the other factors that may be related to the onset of the disease or illness. 1 (p 319) According to Engel: †¦a medical model must also take into account the patient, the social context in which he lives, and the complementary system devised by society to deal with the disruptive effects of illness, that is, the physician role and the health care system. This requires the Biopsychosocial model. (p324) According to the Medical Model, health can be equated to an absence of disease. Engel argued that the biological factors found in the medical model are not sufficient to provide a full understanding of disease. The Medical Model neglected to take into consideration individuals who feel well and are diagnosed with a disease, as well as individuals who are free of disease but feel sick. Engel proposed, â€Å"a biopsychosocial model which includes the patient as well as the illness would encompass both circumstances. † 1(p324) The BPSM explains disease through biological, psychological, and social factors. The BPSM can be understood by examining the components of the model. 4 The biological component â€Å"plays a key role is the BPSM. † 2 This component of the BPSM explains disease in relation to physiological causes such as pathogens or disorder in the functioning of the individual’s body. 5 A plausible biological mechanism of exercise addiction is the beta-endorphin hypothesis. â€Å"Aerobic exercise is known to stimulate the release of beta endorphin and other endogenous opioid peptides that appear to exert analgesic effects and may also produce addictive behaviors. Endorphins can block stress and create feeling of euphoria in an individual. Individuals who exercise excessively will be more receptive to endorphins and could potentially develop a tolerance for the hormone. Once the individual has developed a tolerance for the beta-endorphins, he or she will need to exercise longer and harder to achieve the same effects as before tolerance. This leads to the individual engaging in addictive behaviors that can also be explained as psychological process. 7 The psychological component of the BPSM explains disease as a manifestation of the individual’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. â€Å"Psychological dependence causes an individual to feel they need a substance to feel good. † 2 Negative thinking, low self-esteem, personality disorder such as perfectionism, etc. , could cause the addictive behavior. For example, an individual who does not cope well with stress may form a behavioral habit of exercise in order to feel good; they are addicted to exercise because of its mood-boosting biological effects. â€Å"In a philosophical sense, the biopsychosocial model states that the workings of the body can affect the mind, and the workings of the mind can affect the body.   However, biological and psychological factors alone are still not sufficient to completely explain exercise addiction in individuals. 2 The sociological component of the BPSM explains how social factors such as culture or socioeconomic status can be an underlying cause of illness. The behavior of an individual can be closely related to the culture and peer groups to which they belong. An individual may become addicted to exercise because of pressures of social norms. For example, an individual may have developed an addiction to exercise as a result of peer pressures to be thin. Significance of Proposed Research  The biopsychosocial model can be used to conceptualize exercise addiction. It is important to study the BPSM because further research is needed to determine the etiology and effective treatment for exercise addiction. To successfully treat or overcome an addiction, the individual must address each component that contributes to the overall behavior. The significance of this study will be to improve understanding of exercise addiction using the biopsychosocial model, determine the types of intervention needed to treat exercise addiction, and develop, as well as, test a multicomponent clinical strategy for treating the addiction. Proposed Methods The study will involve the evaluation of the biopsychosocial model in relation to exercise addiction. The targeted population for this study includes the following: individuals who are physically active and individuals who are classified as addicted to exercise. In order to ensure an efficient sample will be chosen, the target population will consist of 100 individuals. The sampling technique that will be used is a survey type of research, the Exercise Addiction Inventory. The EAI will include questions such as â€Å"When I exercise do I feel guilty† and â€Å"Is exercise the most important thing of my life? † (8) From this research, a sample from the target population will be selected. The sample will include 10 males and 10 females who are classified as addictive exercisers, as well as 10 males and 10 females who are non-addictive exercisers. Individuals who are classified as addicted to exercise will be submitted and additional questionnaire that will identify whether the individual has evidence of physiological dependence or no physiological dependence. Conclusion Exercise addiction is a disorder that has many underlying and contributing factors. Previous research did not provide sound information on the mechanisms of exercise dependence. The biopsychosocial model approach to addiction can be used to formulate an intervention for individuals who are diagnosed with exercise addiction. In order to treat an exercise addiction all components of the individual and the disease should be addressed.

The Schoolboy Poem Analysis - 771 Words

The Schoolboy – Close critical analysis â€Å"The Schoolboy† is a poem about how education systems hinder youths from behaving naturally. For example, in this poem, the boy â€Å"love(s) to rise in a summer morn, When the birds sing on every tree†. However, he has â€Å"to go to school in a summer morn† and this â€Å"drives all (his) joy away†. Hence, from here we can see that societal norms destroy the innocence of youth as they repress their souls with so-called education. By doing so, the author is telling us to spend our time doing things that we enjoy doing instead, as the sole purpose in life is to have â€Å"joy†. The poem is written in six stanzas with five lines in each stanza and has a rhyme scheme of ABABB. The number of syllables in each line also†¦show more content†¦The plant reflects the effects of the education system that makes youths unable to deal with their future â€Å"griefs† in life as they did not have access to freedom of imagination. In conclusion, I feel that this poem delivers its message very well as the author uses various types of devices to further reiterate his stand towards the education system to his readers. In addition, the poem also reminds us that we are â€Å"born for joy† and that we should all strive to make ourselvesShow MoreRelatedSomebodys Mother Analysis Essay1037 Words   |  5 PagesSomebody’s Mother Analysis Somebody’s Mother, by: Mary Dow Brine, is basically about somebody’s mother. The title of this poem implies that you will probably be reading about a mother and what she does. When you think of a mother, you think of a woman maybe in her thirties with kids who are around age five through nine, and possibly not afraid of anything you throw at her. That’s what is expected of a mother right? The first two lines of this poem imply the physical features of the mother. 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